NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY MIDTERM EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Sodium gates open, and
sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to
positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is
the nurse looking for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: The person who is
first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Cholesterol
decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to
carry oxygen.
,When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer:
Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation
as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging
from diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: It is difficult to tell the
difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals
an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
would most of the genetic information be contained? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Maternal
nondisjunction
,A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the
nurse's best response? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Pregnancy in women
over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals
that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Tetraploidy
, Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable
to potassium
Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - A disorder caused by a thyroid
gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not produce enough
T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - CORRECT ANSWER - Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism
T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - parathyroid glands responsible for
regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - CORRECT ANSWER - Thyroid produces
hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth and
development
iodine - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows - CORRECT ANSWER - hypothyroidism everything ___.
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp decreases
UNIVERSITY MIDTERM EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Sodium gates open, and
sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to
positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is
the nurse looking for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: The person who is
first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Cholesterol
decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to
carry oxygen.
,When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer:
Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation
as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging
from diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: It is difficult to tell the
difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals
an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
would most of the genetic information be contained? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Maternal
nondisjunction
,A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the
nurse's best response? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Pregnancy in women
over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals
that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Tetraploidy
, Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable
to potassium
Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - A disorder caused by a thyroid
gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not produce enough
T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - CORRECT ANSWER - Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism
T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - parathyroid glands responsible for
regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - CORRECT ANSWER - Thyroid produces
hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth and
development
iodine - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows - CORRECT ANSWER - hypothyroidism everything ___.
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp decreases
