BIO 168 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
Functions of the skeletal system - ✔✔support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
bone shapes are: - ✔✔long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Long bones - ✔✔longer than they are wide
Short bones - ✔✔cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
Sesamoid bones - ✔✔round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)
Flat Bones - ✔✔These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.
Irregular bones - ✔✔bones of the vertebrae and face
Bone markings - ✔✔bones display projections, depressions, and openings that serve as sites of muscle,
ligament, and tendon attachment, as joint surfaces, or as conduits for blood vessels
Bone projections - ✔✔grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form
joints, ex: head, process, condyle
Bone depressions - ✔✔concave, indented areas or openings in bones
Structure of long bone - ✔✔diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis
Structure of flat bone - ✔✔resembles a sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone
cell types of osseous tissue - ✔✔osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
, osteogenic cells - ✔✔stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
osteoblasts - ✔✔Bone building cells
osteocytes - ✔✔mature bone cells
osteoclasts - ✔✔break down bone
Homeostasis - how do cells mentioned above maintain homeostasis? - ✔✔regulating the level of
calcium and other minerals in the blood by storing or releasing them from bones as needed.
Characteristics of Bone Tissue - ✔✔
Compact bone - ✔✔Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
osteons of compact bone - ✔✔circular units of compact bone
Perforating canals - ✔✔Perpendicular to the central canal
Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow
concentric lamellae - ✔✔layers of bony matrix around a central canal
Canaliculi - ✔✔little channels that connect lacunae
spongy bone - ✔✔Layer of bone tissue that has many small spaces and is found just inside the layer of
compact bone.
Functions of the skeletal system - ✔✔support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
bone shapes are: - ✔✔long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Long bones - ✔✔longer than they are wide
Short bones - ✔✔cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
Sesamoid bones - ✔✔round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)
Flat Bones - ✔✔These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.
Irregular bones - ✔✔bones of the vertebrae and face
Bone markings - ✔✔bones display projections, depressions, and openings that serve as sites of muscle,
ligament, and tendon attachment, as joint surfaces, or as conduits for blood vessels
Bone projections - ✔✔grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form
joints, ex: head, process, condyle
Bone depressions - ✔✔concave, indented areas or openings in bones
Structure of long bone - ✔✔diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis
Structure of flat bone - ✔✔resembles a sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone
cell types of osseous tissue - ✔✔osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
, osteogenic cells - ✔✔stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
osteoblasts - ✔✔Bone building cells
osteocytes - ✔✔mature bone cells
osteoclasts - ✔✔break down bone
Homeostasis - how do cells mentioned above maintain homeostasis? - ✔✔regulating the level of
calcium and other minerals in the blood by storing or releasing them from bones as needed.
Characteristics of Bone Tissue - ✔✔
Compact bone - ✔✔Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
osteons of compact bone - ✔✔circular units of compact bone
Perforating canals - ✔✔Perpendicular to the central canal
Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow
concentric lamellae - ✔✔layers of bony matrix around a central canal
Canaliculi - ✔✔little channels that connect lacunae
spongy bone - ✔✔Layer of bone tissue that has many small spaces and is found just inside the layer of
compact bone.
