1|Page
NUR 265 EXAM 1 VERIFIED QUESTIONS & 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS | COMPLETELY
UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION A+
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEED
• What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular
permeabil- ity that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the
urine andthen be excreted.
• What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
• In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater thanwhat?:
3.5g in 24 hours
• What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: - immunosuppressant agents
(ifimmunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
,2|Page
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
• Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
• Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kid-
neys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
• Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after
thekidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
,3|Page
• How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Dias-
tolic*2) /3
• What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
• What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
• During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch
fordehydration and make sure output is greater than input
• What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: - Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
, 4|Page
• What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
• What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
• What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
1. Anorexia
2. Nausea/vomiting
3. Muscle cramps
4. Uremic frost on skin
5. Itching
6. Fatigue and lethargy
7. Hiccups
8. Edema
9. Dyspnea
10.Paresthesia's
• What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system: - HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
NUR 265 EXAM 1 VERIFIED QUESTIONS & 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS | COMPLETELY
UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION A+
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEED
• What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular
permeabil- ity that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the
urine andthen be excreted.
• What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
• In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater thanwhat?:
3.5g in 24 hours
• What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: - immunosuppressant agents
(ifimmunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
,2|Page
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
• Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
• Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kid-
neys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
• Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after
thekidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
,3|Page
• How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Dias-
tolic*2) /3
• What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
• What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
• During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch
fordehydration and make sure output is greater than input
• What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: - Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
, 4|Page
• What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
• What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
• What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
1. Anorexia
2. Nausea/vomiting
3. Muscle cramps
4. Uremic frost on skin
5. Itching
6. Fatigue and lethargy
7. Hiccups
8. Edema
9. Dyspnea
10.Paresthesia's
• What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system: - HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
