Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives Third Edition by Theresa Capriotti, Chapters 1-46, Complete Guide A+Test Bank

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Chapter1,TheCellin Healthand Illness 7a 7a




MultipleChoice
Identify thechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementor answersthequestion.
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7 a 1. Whichstatement regardingthesodium–potassiumpumpiscorrect?
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1. Thecell’splasmamembrane ismoresolubletosodium ionsthan potassium ions.
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2. Theconcentration ofsodium ionsshouldbe higherinsidethecellcompartment.
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3. Theconcentration of potassium ionsshould behigheroutsidethecell
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compartment.
7a




4. Theactivetransportinvolvespumping outthree sodium ionsand pumpingin two i 7a 7a 7a 7a 7a




potassium ions.
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2. Intheabsenceof oxygen,which cellularfunction createsthesameamountofenergy as is
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created in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipationofpyruvic acid .zi




2. Initiationofthe citricacid cycle 7a 7a




3. Activationofacetyl-coenzymeA
4. Creationofacidosis vialactic acid 7a 7a




3. Howmanyadenosinetriphosphates(ATPs)areproducedinaerobicenergymetabolism? .zi




1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53

4. Whichcell organelles differintheirnumberaccording tothecell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria

, 3. Ribonucleicacids .zi




4. Deoxyribonucleic acids 7a




5. 7 aWhichoptionbest supports the reasonmore energyisproducedwhen apersonisexercising? i 7a i 7a 7a 7a 7
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1. Exercisecausesanincreasein thesynthesis ofprotein. 7a 7a




2. There isan increaseintheproduction ofpyruvicacid inthe cells.
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3. Theconversionofpyruvic acid tolactic acid isincreasedbyexercise. 7
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4. Musclecells havemore mitochondria tomeet energy demands. i7a 7a 7a i 7a 7a




6. When does ribosomal proteinsynthesiscease?
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1. Duringendoplasmicreticulumstress
2. Duringthesynthesisofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)
3. Duringaseverehypoxicstate
4. Duringtheprocessing ofprohormone 7a




7. 7 a 7 a Whichcellularorganellesareresponsibleforpropellingmucusandinhaleddebrisout ofthe lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretoryvesicles
4. Endoplasmicreticula

8. 7 a 7 a Whicharethekeyproteinsin thecontractileunits ofthemusclecells? 7a 7a 7a 7a




1. Actinandmyosin
2. Prohormoneandtubulin
3. Tubulinandactin 7
a




4. Myosinandprohormone 7
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9. WhichdeficiencycausesTay–Sachsdisease? .zi




1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes 7a




7 a 10. 7 a 7 a Whichisa characteristic ofadrenoleukodystrophy?
7a i 7a




1. Accumulationofganglioside
2. Cessationofribosomalproteinsynthesis
3. Accelerationofcellularproteasomeactivity
4. Accumulationoflong-chainfattyacidsinthenervoussystem i.z




7 a 11. 7 a Whichstatementregardingendoplasmicreticulum(ER)stressiscorrect? .zi




1. DuringERstress,proteinsarerapidlydegraded.
2. DuringERstress,lipids cannot traveltotheir properintracellular locations. i 7a i.z 7a 7a




3. DuringERstress,long-chainfattyacidsaccumulateinthe nervoussystem. 7 a




4. DuringERstress,nondegradedsubstancesaccumulateinthecells.
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,12. Aclient isdiagnosedwith type1diabetesmellitus.Atacellular level,which function is likelyto be
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involved?
7a




1. Inability ofribosomes toproduceaspecific typeofprotein
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2. Incorrect processingofa proteinbytheGolgiapparatus
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3. Stagnationofapreviouslydynamicactioninmicrotubules 7
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4. Obstructionofthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum 7
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13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
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componentis examinedtodeterminethecauseandprobability of thediseasebeing genetically
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transferred?
7a




1. TransferRNA
2. RibosomalRNA
3. Doublehelix ofDNA 7a




4. Mitochondrial DNA 7a




14. Ahiker experiences musclepainandacidosis whileascendingamountain duringa long,steep
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climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellularhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularedema

, 15. Which factor provides DNAthe uniquemolecular ability toreplicate?
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1. Thepairingofnitrogenous bases 7
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2. Thepresenceofpyrimidine bases 7
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3. Thepresenceof nucleotides 7
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4. Thenitrogenousbaseand phosphatebond 7
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16. How many nitrogenous bases composea single codon?
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1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Aminoacids
3. Fattyacids 7a




4. Phosphates

18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standingribosomeswithinthe cell .zi 7a




2. Proteinblueprintfromthe celloftheDNA 7a 7
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3. Specific information fromthenucleusofthecell
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4. TransferRNA tomovetheproteinout of thecell i.z 7a 7a




19. Tetracyclineantibioticisprescribedforanadultclient with chlamydiainfection.Whichisthe .zi .z .z 7a




mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. Itpreventsthereplicationofbacteria.
2. Italterstheconfigurationofbacterialcytoplasm. .zi




3. Itinterfereswiththe function ofbacterialribosomes. 7a 7a




4. It inhibitsthefunctions ofbacterialmitochondria.
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20. Where doestheconversionofa prohormone intoahormone take place?
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1. Inthe ribosomes
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2. IntheGolgiapparatus
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3. Inthesecretorygranules
4. Intheendoplasmic reticulum7
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21. Whichisthe cell’s“mastermind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgiapparatus
4. Endoplasmicreticulum