HONDROS BIO 253 (ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 1) EXAM QUESTIONS -
HONDROS COLLEGE OF NURSING
Referred pain - Answer-the stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be felt
as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area of skin on the body
surface far removed from the site of disease or injury
General senses - Answer-somatic senses, microscopic receptors widely distributed
throughout the body
special senses - Answer-smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium are grouped into
localized areas or complex organs
Thermoreceptors - Answer-warm and cold receptor fibers
Sense of touch - Answer-tactile (meissner) corpuscle- large hairless skin areas such as
nipples, fingertips and lips
Lamellar (pacini) corpuscles- found in deep dermis and joint capsules
external ear - Answer-2 divisions- auricle or pinna, external acoustic meatus
Middle ear - Answer-3 auditory- ossicles, malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), staples
(stirrup)
Inner ear - Answer-Bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, cochlea, endolymph,
perilymph
Hair cells - Answer-found in the organ of corti within the cochlear duct, they are receptor
cells for hearing
Fibrous layer of the eye - Answer-Sclera, cornea, scleral venous sinus
Vascular layer - Answer-Choroid, blood vessels, pigment, ciliary body, ciliary processes,
suspensory ligaments, iris
Inner layer - Answer-Retina
Pathway of light entering the eye - Answer-Cones daytime
Rods nightime
, Formed elements - Answer-RBC, WBC, platelets 45%
Hematocrit - Answer-packed cell volume, volume % of RBCs in the whole blood
Difference between plasma and serum - Answer-Serum has no protein for clotting,
plasma has no cells
Characteristics of RBCs - Answer-have no nucleus and shaped liked biconcave disks,
primary component is hemoglobin
Functions of RBCs - Answer-transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydrase-
enzyme in RBC catalyzes a reaction that joins carbon dioxide and water to form
carbonic acid.
RH factors - Answer-Tells if its negative or positive
Neutrophil - Answer-Grandulocyte, highly mobile and very active phagocytic cells,
diapedesis
Eosinophil - Answer-grandulocyte, mucus lining or resp and digestive tract, release
chemicals of immunity, *EWW WORMS protect against infections from worms
Basophils - Answer-Diapedesis, S shaped nuclei, contains histamine and heparin
Lymphocyte - Answer-smallest of the wbcs, agranulocyte
monocyte - Answer-mobile and highly phagocytic cells, agranulocyte
Wall layers of the heart - Answer-Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Av valves - Answer-Tricuspid right and bicuspid left. prevents blood from flowing back
into the atria
Sl valves - Answer-Aortic and pulmonary. prevents blood from flowing back into the
ventricals
Blood flow through the heart - Answer-vena cava - right atrium- tricuspid- right ventricle-
pulmonary valve- pulmonary artery- lungs- left atrium- bicuspid- left ventricle- aorta- rest
of the body
Atria contacts - Answer-Av valves open, sl valves close
ventricular contract - Answer-sl valves open, av valves close
Three main types of blood vessels - Answer-Arteries, capillaries, veins
PHYSIOLOGY 1) EXAM QUESTIONS -
HONDROS COLLEGE OF NURSING
Referred pain - Answer-the stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be felt
as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area of skin on the body
surface far removed from the site of disease or injury
General senses - Answer-somatic senses, microscopic receptors widely distributed
throughout the body
special senses - Answer-smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium are grouped into
localized areas or complex organs
Thermoreceptors - Answer-warm and cold receptor fibers
Sense of touch - Answer-tactile (meissner) corpuscle- large hairless skin areas such as
nipples, fingertips and lips
Lamellar (pacini) corpuscles- found in deep dermis and joint capsules
external ear - Answer-2 divisions- auricle or pinna, external acoustic meatus
Middle ear - Answer-3 auditory- ossicles, malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), staples
(stirrup)
Inner ear - Answer-Bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, cochlea, endolymph,
perilymph
Hair cells - Answer-found in the organ of corti within the cochlear duct, they are receptor
cells for hearing
Fibrous layer of the eye - Answer-Sclera, cornea, scleral venous sinus
Vascular layer - Answer-Choroid, blood vessels, pigment, ciliary body, ciliary processes,
suspensory ligaments, iris
Inner layer - Answer-Retina
Pathway of light entering the eye - Answer-Cones daytime
Rods nightime
, Formed elements - Answer-RBC, WBC, platelets 45%
Hematocrit - Answer-packed cell volume, volume % of RBCs in the whole blood
Difference between plasma and serum - Answer-Serum has no protein for clotting,
plasma has no cells
Characteristics of RBCs - Answer-have no nucleus and shaped liked biconcave disks,
primary component is hemoglobin
Functions of RBCs - Answer-transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydrase-
enzyme in RBC catalyzes a reaction that joins carbon dioxide and water to form
carbonic acid.
RH factors - Answer-Tells if its negative or positive
Neutrophil - Answer-Grandulocyte, highly mobile and very active phagocytic cells,
diapedesis
Eosinophil - Answer-grandulocyte, mucus lining or resp and digestive tract, release
chemicals of immunity, *EWW WORMS protect against infections from worms
Basophils - Answer-Diapedesis, S shaped nuclei, contains histamine and heparin
Lymphocyte - Answer-smallest of the wbcs, agranulocyte
monocyte - Answer-mobile and highly phagocytic cells, agranulocyte
Wall layers of the heart - Answer-Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Av valves - Answer-Tricuspid right and bicuspid left. prevents blood from flowing back
into the atria
Sl valves - Answer-Aortic and pulmonary. prevents blood from flowing back into the
ventricals
Blood flow through the heart - Answer-vena cava - right atrium- tricuspid- right ventricle-
pulmonary valve- pulmonary artery- lungs- left atrium- bicuspid- left ventricle- aorta- rest
of the body
Atria contacts - Answer-Av valves open, sl valves close
ventricular contract - Answer-sl valves open, av valves close
Three main types of blood vessels - Answer-Arteries, capillaries, veins
