ABFM ITE STUDY GUIDE EXAM LATEST UPDATE
CAP antibiotic that causes VF - Azithromycin
- The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more common in
patients with a prior cardiac history.
Anti-DM medications for weight loss - GLP1 receptor agonists e.g. Exenatide
SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin
Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - PSA
Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Asymmetric leg weakness
Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - Methadone
- It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in patients with
severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for patients with severe renal
impairment.
Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - Adults 55-80yo with 30 pack year
history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years
NOAC with reversal agent - Dabigatran
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - Paroxetine (associated with more anticholinergic
effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration of an
autism-specific screening tool - 18-24 months old
Most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone -
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - Heart blocks
Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - Vaginal pH >4.5 (normal vaginal pH
should be acidic)
,Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings in the
United States - Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - Not recommended
In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for intubation? -
Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia -
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - Individuals who have a first-degree relative with
colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years of age or two first-degree
relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of
age or 10 years younger than the earliest diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - Genetic inheritance
Lab findings in Von Willebrand disease -
U.S. federal labor law requires companies with >50 employees to provide which benefits for
employees who are nursing mothers -
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - All currently available influenza
vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based inactivated influenza
vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can potentially provoke allergic and
anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can proceed
without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only hives can also receive any
influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or vomiting,
or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or egg-containing
foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status and also
do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be administered by a provider who
can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - Helps to assess the risk of falling
Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant atypical
antipsychotics - Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this effect. Both
tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also taking SSRIs, can
cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic.
,Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - Azithromycin
Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - TCAs > SSRIs (helps with some pain
reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should begin at
what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - 4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day) should
begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the infant had
multiple blood transfusions.
In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is commonly
observed? - Coagulopathy
Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - Metformin
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - Elevated BMI
While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes of skin
and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? - Pseudomonas
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a
cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
Erythromycin
Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? -
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - 3 months and indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations can be
done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - BNP and procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - Add niacin
Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - High fibre or take fibre supplements
Side effects of prolonged PPI use - C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
, Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
Metoclopramide
Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal growth plate
of the humerus - Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the growth
plate.
Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease -
Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply is deficient
in fluoride - 6 months
Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - Rifampicin, Phenytoin
Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - Direct blow to the anterior tibia whilst knee is in
flexion
What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? - TSH
Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - SSRIs
Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - Macrolides
Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") - Usually occur
in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient from sleep, short-lived (about
30min), not associated with redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
Treatment of OSA in children - Adenotonsillectomy
What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - A preserved ejection fraction
Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - Hip labral tear
Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-administration -
MMR
Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - Ulnar collateral ligament injury
In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? - 12 months
CAP antibiotic that causes VF - Azithromycin
- The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more common in
patients with a prior cardiac history.
Anti-DM medications for weight loss - GLP1 receptor agonists e.g. Exenatide
SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin
Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - PSA
Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Asymmetric leg weakness
Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - Methadone
- It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in patients with
severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for patients with severe renal
impairment.
Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - Adults 55-80yo with 30 pack year
history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years
NOAC with reversal agent - Dabigatran
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - Paroxetine (associated with more anticholinergic
effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration of an
autism-specific screening tool - 18-24 months old
Most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone -
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - Heart blocks
Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - Vaginal pH >4.5 (normal vaginal pH
should be acidic)
,Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings in the
United States - Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - Not recommended
In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for intubation? -
Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia -
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - Individuals who have a first-degree relative with
colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years of age or two first-degree
relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of
age or 10 years younger than the earliest diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - Genetic inheritance
Lab findings in Von Willebrand disease -
U.S. federal labor law requires companies with >50 employees to provide which benefits for
employees who are nursing mothers -
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - All currently available influenza
vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based inactivated influenza
vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can potentially provoke allergic and
anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can proceed
without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only hives can also receive any
influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or vomiting,
or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or egg-containing
foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status and also
do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be administered by a provider who
can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - Helps to assess the risk of falling
Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant atypical
antipsychotics - Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this effect. Both
tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also taking SSRIs, can
cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic.
,Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - Azithromycin
Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - TCAs > SSRIs (helps with some pain
reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should begin at
what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - 4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day) should
begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the infant had
multiple blood transfusions.
In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is commonly
observed? - Coagulopathy
Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - Metformin
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - Elevated BMI
While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes of skin
and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? - Pseudomonas
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a
cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
Erythromycin
Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? -
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - 3 months and indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations can be
done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - BNP and procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - Add niacin
Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - High fibre or take fibre supplements
Side effects of prolonged PPI use - C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
, Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
Metoclopramide
Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal growth plate
of the humerus - Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the growth
plate.
Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease -
Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply is deficient
in fluoride - 6 months
Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - Rifampicin, Phenytoin
Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - Direct blow to the anterior tibia whilst knee is in
flexion
What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? - TSH
Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - SSRIs
Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - Macrolides
Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") - Usually occur
in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient from sleep, short-lived (about
30min), not associated with redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
Treatment of OSA in children - Adenotonsillectomy
What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - A preserved ejection fraction
Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - Hip labral tear
Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-administration -
MMR
Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - Ulnar collateral ligament injury
In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? - 12 months
