NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary
Care- Mid Term Review(Latest )
Questions with Revised Rationalized
Answers, (A+ Guarantee)
what is the sensitivity of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWERS # men with prostate cancer
# men with positive PSA
160
# men with negative PSA
40
total
200
The correct answer is 160/200. Sensitivity is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a
positive result; it is the number of true positives divided by the total number of patients who have the
disease.
A diagnostic test is used in a sample of 1000 patients. 500 of these patients have the disease, while 500
do not. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test negative. What is the
specificity of the test? - CORRECT ANSWERS The correct answer is 470/500.
Specificity is the proportion of patients who test negative out of the total number of patients who do
not have the disease; it is the number of true negatives overall negatives. In this example, 500/1000
patients have the disease. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test
negative.
,The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test refers to which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS
the proportion of patients with a positive test who have the disease.
Which of the following depends on the prevalence of the disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS
positive predictive value.
Predictive values depend on the prevalence of disease in the population whereas sensitivity and
specificity are intrinsic properties of the test. Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a
measure.
A low pretest probability of disease may lead to which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS
low positive predictive value and more false-positive results.
Positive predictive value increases with prevalence; therefore, a low prevalence value yields a low
positive predictive value and implies a high false-positive rate. Negative predictive value decreases with
prevalence, and sensitivity and specificity do not vary with prevalence.
If you strongly suspect that a patient is positive for a specific condition but tests negative, the negative
result may be: - CORRECT ANSWERS false-negative test results due to a low negative
predictive value.
At the individual level, your clinical suspicion is equivalent to pre-test probability and high prevalence at
the population level. Negative predictive value is inversely correlated with prevalence; therefore, your
clinical suspicion translates to a low negative predictive value, suggesting a false-negative test result.
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fever - CORRECT ANSWERS CBC
Check CBC with differential for neutrophil shift in suspected infection
,Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained bruising - CORRECT ANSWERS
CBC
Check platelet count
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWERS Both
CBC and CMP
Check RBC, Hgb and Hct for anemia, CMP for potential liver or kidney abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Cardiac dysrhythmias - CORRECT ANSWERS
CMP
Monitor electrolytes for abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained weight loss - CORRECT
ANSWERS Both CBC and CMP
Check WBC for inflammation or possible cancer, CMP for glucose, liver or kidney abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Edema - CORRECT ANSWERS CMP
Check for kidney function
What is SNAPPS? - CORRECT ANSWERS Summarize the history and findings
Narrow the differential diagnosis to two or three possibilities
Analyze the differential by comparing and contrasting the possibilities
, Probe the preceptor by asking questions about alternative approaches or uncertainties
Plan the management of the client's health issues
Select an issue from the case for self-directed learning
a 13 year old presents to the clinic complaining of severe left side sore throat and pain with swallowing
for 1
day. upon exam, the patient appears uncomfortable and febrile. Cervical adenopathy is present on left
side,
difficulty opening and closing mouth. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWERS Refer to the
ER
a 37 year old female presents for her annual visit. She mentions that her 13 year old daughter has had to
recent infestions of lice. She asks what she can do to prevent this? - CORRECT ANSWERS After
2 days of no head lice, her bedding is lice free
Which of the following is the appropriate treatment for giardia - CORRECT ANSWERS
quin.hydr.
Your client, a 72-year-old smoker of 50 years, is at the office today for a routine physical. During your
inspection of the oral mucosa, you discover a white lesion on the lateral surface of the tongue that you
suspect to be cancerous. You document your finding as: - CORRECT ANSWERS A white,
painless, firm, ulcerated lesion with indurated borders
Maryann, age 28, presents to the clinic because of a rapid onset of patchy hair loss. The skin within
these oval patches of hair loss is very smooth. Tapered hairs that resemble exclamation points are seen
at the margin of a patch of hair loss. Based on these findings, you suspect Maryann has: - CORRECT
ANSWERS Alopecia areata The findings are consistent with alopecia areata, ie, nonscarring hair
loss of rapid onset,
the pattern of which is most commonly sharply defined round or oval patches.
Care- Mid Term Review(Latest )
Questions with Revised Rationalized
Answers, (A+ Guarantee)
what is the sensitivity of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWERS # men with prostate cancer
# men with positive PSA
160
# men with negative PSA
40
total
200
The correct answer is 160/200. Sensitivity is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a
positive result; it is the number of true positives divided by the total number of patients who have the
disease.
A diagnostic test is used in a sample of 1000 patients. 500 of these patients have the disease, while 500
do not. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test negative. What is the
specificity of the test? - CORRECT ANSWERS The correct answer is 470/500.
Specificity is the proportion of patients who test negative out of the total number of patients who do
not have the disease; it is the number of true negatives overall negatives. In this example, 500/1000
patients have the disease. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test
negative.
,The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test refers to which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS
the proportion of patients with a positive test who have the disease.
Which of the following depends on the prevalence of the disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS
positive predictive value.
Predictive values depend on the prevalence of disease in the population whereas sensitivity and
specificity are intrinsic properties of the test. Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a
measure.
A low pretest probability of disease may lead to which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS
low positive predictive value and more false-positive results.
Positive predictive value increases with prevalence; therefore, a low prevalence value yields a low
positive predictive value and implies a high false-positive rate. Negative predictive value decreases with
prevalence, and sensitivity and specificity do not vary with prevalence.
If you strongly suspect that a patient is positive for a specific condition but tests negative, the negative
result may be: - CORRECT ANSWERS false-negative test results due to a low negative
predictive value.
At the individual level, your clinical suspicion is equivalent to pre-test probability and high prevalence at
the population level. Negative predictive value is inversely correlated with prevalence; therefore, your
clinical suspicion translates to a low negative predictive value, suggesting a false-negative test result.
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fever - CORRECT ANSWERS CBC
Check CBC with differential for neutrophil shift in suspected infection
,Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained bruising - CORRECT ANSWERS
CBC
Check platelet count
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWERS Both
CBC and CMP
Check RBC, Hgb and Hct for anemia, CMP for potential liver or kidney abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Cardiac dysrhythmias - CORRECT ANSWERS
CMP
Monitor electrolytes for abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained weight loss - CORRECT
ANSWERS Both CBC and CMP
Check WBC for inflammation or possible cancer, CMP for glucose, liver or kidney abnormalities
Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Edema - CORRECT ANSWERS CMP
Check for kidney function
What is SNAPPS? - CORRECT ANSWERS Summarize the history and findings
Narrow the differential diagnosis to two or three possibilities
Analyze the differential by comparing and contrasting the possibilities
, Probe the preceptor by asking questions about alternative approaches or uncertainties
Plan the management of the client's health issues
Select an issue from the case for self-directed learning
a 13 year old presents to the clinic complaining of severe left side sore throat and pain with swallowing
for 1
day. upon exam, the patient appears uncomfortable and febrile. Cervical adenopathy is present on left
side,
difficulty opening and closing mouth. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWERS Refer to the
ER
a 37 year old female presents for her annual visit. She mentions that her 13 year old daughter has had to
recent infestions of lice. She asks what she can do to prevent this? - CORRECT ANSWERS After
2 days of no head lice, her bedding is lice free
Which of the following is the appropriate treatment for giardia - CORRECT ANSWERS
quin.hydr.
Your client, a 72-year-old smoker of 50 years, is at the office today for a routine physical. During your
inspection of the oral mucosa, you discover a white lesion on the lateral surface of the tongue that you
suspect to be cancerous. You document your finding as: - CORRECT ANSWERS A white,
painless, firm, ulcerated lesion with indurated borders
Maryann, age 28, presents to the clinic because of a rapid onset of patchy hair loss. The skin within
these oval patches of hair loss is very smooth. Tapered hairs that resemble exclamation points are seen
at the margin of a patch of hair loss. Based on these findings, you suspect Maryann has: - CORRECT
ANSWERS Alopecia areata The findings are consistent with alopecia areata, ie, nonscarring hair
loss of rapid onset,
the pattern of which is most commonly sharply defined round or oval patches.
