CIC Exam QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+ (BRAND
NEW!!)
Terms in this set (265) QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
Chain of Infection 1)Infectious agent= organism with
ability to cause disease; greater
virulence, invasiveness, and
pathogenicity => increased odds of
infection
2) Reservoir: place where microbes can
persist and reproduce
3) Portal of Exit: way for microbe to
leave the reservoir
4) Mode of transmission: method of
microbe transfer from one place to
another
5) Portal of entry: opening that allows
microbe to enter host
, 6) Susceptible host: Lacks immunity or
physical resistance to prevent invasion
by microbe
Is a circle; each link must be present in
sequential order for infection to occur
Virulence Measure of microbe's ability to invade
and create disease
Depends on ability to:
Survive in environment between hosts
Transmit between hosts (moving;
adherence)
Proliferate
IgM Pentamer; primary response, short-lived
(<6 months); best at fixing complement
IgG Monomer; main blood antibody,
secondary response; longer lived.
opsonization and toxin neutralization. 4
subclasses
Physical barriers Skin; fever; secreted antimicrobials;
innate immunity
Complement system 11=protein cascade; classically activate
by ab:ag complexes; alternate by
pathogen surfaces
,Skin defects; examples and associated Wounds, burns, trauma, serious derm
pathogens problems, indwelling devices,
injections. Skin flora- S. aureus, CNS,
strep pyo, corynebacteria, malassezia
furfur
Mucous membrane barrier defects; examples chemo-induced mucositosis, head/neck
and associated pathogens trauma, smoking, inhalational injury,
antacids/PPIs. Resident flora-
anaerobes, aerobic GNR, candida,
enteroccus, bovis
Body passage obstruction; examples and Tumors, foreign bodies, stones, cystic
associated pathogens fibrosis. Resident flora overgrow or
invade; site-specific.
Abnormal number or function of granulocytes Leukemia, chemo, congenital disorders,
diabetes. If short term (< 2 wks) then
aerobic GNR, Sa, CoNS. IF long term,
add fungi (candida, t. glabrata,
aspergillus)
Abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity BMT, HIV, steroids, malnutrition, 3rd
tri pregnancy. Bacteria: Intracellular
pathogens (listeria, salmonella,
mycobacteria, nocardia, legionella).
Fungi: candida, Cryptococcus,
, coccidioides, histoplasma. Virus:
Herpes group
Also toxoplasma and strongyloides.
abnormalities of humoral immunity BMT, HIV, some cancers, aging. Strep
pneumo, encapsulated H. flu, Neisseria
meningitidis
Preventing infection for immunocompromised Take thorough patient history. Prepare
patients before starting with all vaccines,
procedures, line placement, screening.
Support gastric acidity. Prevent
exposures with awesome hygiene,
approp food and water precautions,
visitor education, no flowers or plants,
and possible abx prophy (for infections
that might reactivate or high-risk for
pneumocystis)
Mycoplasma spp. No cell wall --> limited abx choices.
Cause atypical pneumonia. Usually
diagnosed by serology
Chlamydiae obligate intracellular parasites.
Elementary body=infectious,
reticulated= intracellular. DFA or
ELISA for detection of antigen is most
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+ (BRAND
NEW!!)
Terms in this set (265) QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
Chain of Infection 1)Infectious agent= organism with
ability to cause disease; greater
virulence, invasiveness, and
pathogenicity => increased odds of
infection
2) Reservoir: place where microbes can
persist and reproduce
3) Portal of Exit: way for microbe to
leave the reservoir
4) Mode of transmission: method of
microbe transfer from one place to
another
5) Portal of entry: opening that allows
microbe to enter host
, 6) Susceptible host: Lacks immunity or
physical resistance to prevent invasion
by microbe
Is a circle; each link must be present in
sequential order for infection to occur
Virulence Measure of microbe's ability to invade
and create disease
Depends on ability to:
Survive in environment between hosts
Transmit between hosts (moving;
adherence)
Proliferate
IgM Pentamer; primary response, short-lived
(<6 months); best at fixing complement
IgG Monomer; main blood antibody,
secondary response; longer lived.
opsonization and toxin neutralization. 4
subclasses
Physical barriers Skin; fever; secreted antimicrobials;
innate immunity
Complement system 11=protein cascade; classically activate
by ab:ag complexes; alternate by
pathogen surfaces
,Skin defects; examples and associated Wounds, burns, trauma, serious derm
pathogens problems, indwelling devices,
injections. Skin flora- S. aureus, CNS,
strep pyo, corynebacteria, malassezia
furfur
Mucous membrane barrier defects; examples chemo-induced mucositosis, head/neck
and associated pathogens trauma, smoking, inhalational injury,
antacids/PPIs. Resident flora-
anaerobes, aerobic GNR, candida,
enteroccus, bovis
Body passage obstruction; examples and Tumors, foreign bodies, stones, cystic
associated pathogens fibrosis. Resident flora overgrow or
invade; site-specific.
Abnormal number or function of granulocytes Leukemia, chemo, congenital disorders,
diabetes. If short term (< 2 wks) then
aerobic GNR, Sa, CoNS. IF long term,
add fungi (candida, t. glabrata,
aspergillus)
Abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity BMT, HIV, steroids, malnutrition, 3rd
tri pregnancy. Bacteria: Intracellular
pathogens (listeria, salmonella,
mycobacteria, nocardia, legionella).
Fungi: candida, Cryptococcus,
, coccidioides, histoplasma. Virus:
Herpes group
Also toxoplasma and strongyloides.
abnormalities of humoral immunity BMT, HIV, some cancers, aging. Strep
pneumo, encapsulated H. flu, Neisseria
meningitidis
Preventing infection for immunocompromised Take thorough patient history. Prepare
patients before starting with all vaccines,
procedures, line placement, screening.
Support gastric acidity. Prevent
exposures with awesome hygiene,
approp food and water precautions,
visitor education, no flowers or plants,
and possible abx prophy (for infections
that might reactivate or high-risk for
pneumocystis)
Mycoplasma spp. No cell wall --> limited abx choices.
Cause atypical pneumonia. Usually
diagnosed by serology
Chlamydiae obligate intracellular parasites.
Elementary body=infectious,
reticulated= intracellular. DFA or
ELISA for detection of antigen is most
