PMHNP Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Also known as level of significance; describes the probability of a particular result occurring by
chance alone (if P = .01, there is a 1% probability of obtaining a result by chance alone)
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) ensure that✔✔-Risks to participants are minimized
-Participant selection is equitable
-Adverse events are reported and risks and benefits are reevaluated
-Informed consent is obtained and documented
-Data and safety monitoring plans are implemented when indicated
-The rights and welfare of human research participants are protected, and has the authority to
approve, require modifications, or disapprove of any research activities.
-All investigators or persons involved in research studies must take and pass a test on protection
of human participants
Institute of Medicine's quality aims✔✔Safe
Effective
Client-centered
Timely
Efficient
Equitable
The Donabedian Model for quality addresses:✔✔Structure
Process
Outcome
,Quality Improvement means✔✔-Agency-specific projects that aim to improve systems,
decrease cost, improve productivity, and health outcomes
-Provides standardized method to identify gaps in practice and systems to evaluate ways to
improve structure, function, and resources in care delivery within complex health systems
-Institute of Medicine's quality aims
-Examine internal processes
-New knowledge is specific to an organization
What is the PDSA cycle related to QI?✔✔Plan: Plan the change
Do: Carry out the plan
Study: Examine the results
Act: Decide what actions will improve the process
ANA Position Statement (2010) on just culture of safety✔✔-Supports collaboration efforts
among state boards of nursing, professional organizations, patient safety centers, and health
systems to develop Just Culture initiatives
-Holds people accountable for their behaviors and investigates errors
-Goal of creating open and fair learning environment to design safe systems and manage
choices
-Mindset that affects work environment to proactively look for system breakdowns and identify
ways to improve systems
Rights of clients✔✔-Confidentiality
-Least restrictive treatment
-Give consent for treatment and withdraw consent at any time
Four components of health policy:✔✔1. Process: formulation, implementation, and evaluation
,2. Policy reform: changes in programs and practices
3. Policy environment: arena the process takes place in (government, media, public)
4. Policy makers: key players and stakeholders
Responsibilities of each branches of law r/t health policies✔✔Executive- implement law
Legislative- initial formulation
Judicial- interpret law
What is a Neuron and what are its components?✔✔-Nerve cells
-Basic cellular unit of the nervous system
-Microprocessor of the brain responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to
another
Components of the neuron:
-Cell body: soma; made up of the nucleus and cytoplasm within
cell membrane
-Stem or axon: Transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body to connect with other
neurons and cells
-Dendrites: Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the
neuron's cell body
Central Nervous System (CNS)✔✔consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)✔✔-Peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to receptors,
muscles, and glands
-Includes cranial nerves just outside the brain stem
-Comprises the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous
, system
Somatic nervous system✔✔-Part of CNS
-Conveys information from the CNS to skeletal muscles; responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system✔✔-Part of CNS
-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis; conveys information from the CNS
to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands;
-Responsible for involuntary movement; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the
parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system✔✔-Part of ANS
-Excitatory division; prepares the body for stress (fight or flight); stimulates or increases activity
of organs
Parasympathetic nervous system✔✔-Part of ANS
-Maintains or restores energy; inhibits or decreases activity of organs
Left hemisphere✔✔-Cerebrum
-Dominant in most people; controls most right-sided body functions
Right hemisphere✔✔-Cerebrum
Controls most left-sided body functions
Corpus callosum✔✔-Cerebrum
-Both hemispheres connected by a large bundle of white matter
Also known as level of significance; describes the probability of a particular result occurring by
chance alone (if P = .01, there is a 1% probability of obtaining a result by chance alone)
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) ensure that✔✔-Risks to participants are minimized
-Participant selection is equitable
-Adverse events are reported and risks and benefits are reevaluated
-Informed consent is obtained and documented
-Data and safety monitoring plans are implemented when indicated
-The rights and welfare of human research participants are protected, and has the authority to
approve, require modifications, or disapprove of any research activities.
-All investigators or persons involved in research studies must take and pass a test on protection
of human participants
Institute of Medicine's quality aims✔✔Safe
Effective
Client-centered
Timely
Efficient
Equitable
The Donabedian Model for quality addresses:✔✔Structure
Process
Outcome
,Quality Improvement means✔✔-Agency-specific projects that aim to improve systems,
decrease cost, improve productivity, and health outcomes
-Provides standardized method to identify gaps in practice and systems to evaluate ways to
improve structure, function, and resources in care delivery within complex health systems
-Institute of Medicine's quality aims
-Examine internal processes
-New knowledge is specific to an organization
What is the PDSA cycle related to QI?✔✔Plan: Plan the change
Do: Carry out the plan
Study: Examine the results
Act: Decide what actions will improve the process
ANA Position Statement (2010) on just culture of safety✔✔-Supports collaboration efforts
among state boards of nursing, professional organizations, patient safety centers, and health
systems to develop Just Culture initiatives
-Holds people accountable for their behaviors and investigates errors
-Goal of creating open and fair learning environment to design safe systems and manage
choices
-Mindset that affects work environment to proactively look for system breakdowns and identify
ways to improve systems
Rights of clients✔✔-Confidentiality
-Least restrictive treatment
-Give consent for treatment and withdraw consent at any time
Four components of health policy:✔✔1. Process: formulation, implementation, and evaluation
,2. Policy reform: changes in programs and practices
3. Policy environment: arena the process takes place in (government, media, public)
4. Policy makers: key players and stakeholders
Responsibilities of each branches of law r/t health policies✔✔Executive- implement law
Legislative- initial formulation
Judicial- interpret law
What is a Neuron and what are its components?✔✔-Nerve cells
-Basic cellular unit of the nervous system
-Microprocessor of the brain responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to
another
Components of the neuron:
-Cell body: soma; made up of the nucleus and cytoplasm within
cell membrane
-Stem or axon: Transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body to connect with other
neurons and cells
-Dendrites: Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the
neuron's cell body
Central Nervous System (CNS)✔✔consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)✔✔-Peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to receptors,
muscles, and glands
-Includes cranial nerves just outside the brain stem
-Comprises the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous
, system
Somatic nervous system✔✔-Part of CNS
-Conveys information from the CNS to skeletal muscles; responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system✔✔-Part of CNS
-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis; conveys information from the CNS
to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands;
-Responsible for involuntary movement; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the
parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system✔✔-Part of ANS
-Excitatory division; prepares the body for stress (fight or flight); stimulates or increases activity
of organs
Parasympathetic nervous system✔✔-Part of ANS
-Maintains or restores energy; inhibits or decreases activity of organs
Left hemisphere✔✔-Cerebrum
-Dominant in most people; controls most right-sided body functions
Right hemisphere✔✔-Cerebrum
Controls most left-sided body functions
Corpus callosum✔✔-Cerebrum
-Both hemispheres connected by a large bundle of white matter
