COMSAE level 2 111 Prep Material Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers)|Brand New Version!
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ratio vs relative risk
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine
exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the
unaffected
relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine
who got the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used
case-control studies
When is a relative risk ratio used?
RCT or Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males
no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt
has occurred by age 18
constitutional growth delay
, MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains
consistent. Often there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reaction
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/back pain
concave brittle nails
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia.
Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly after
eating smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
all incoming patients must receive a medical screening exam. ONLY after
the screening has been done can a transfer be done and only if the other
facility is better equipped to meet their needs
muscles and their innervation that cause foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius
by the peroneal nerve L4-5
who's at risk for aspiration pneumonia
Complete Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers)|Brand New Version!
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ratio vs relative risk
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine
exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the
unaffected
relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine
who got the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used
case-control studies
When is a relative risk ratio used?
RCT or Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males
no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt
has occurred by age 18
constitutional growth delay
, MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains
consistent. Often there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reaction
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/back pain
concave brittle nails
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia.
Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly after
eating smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
all incoming patients must receive a medical screening exam. ONLY after
the screening has been done can a transfer be done and only if the other
facility is better equipped to meet their needs
muscles and their innervation that cause foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius
by the peroneal nerve L4-5
who's at risk for aspiration pneumonia
