NCLEX-RN Health Promotion and
Maintenance 5 (2025/2026) | 110 Verified
Q&A | Specialist-Level Preventive Care &
Revolutionary Health Paradigms
1. A 55-year-old client with a family history of colon cancer asks about preventive
screening. Which test is most appropriate to recommend first?
A. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually
B. Colonoscopy every 10 years
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
D. CT colonography every 5 years
Answer: B. Colonoscopy every 10 years
Rationale: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for clients at average or increased risk (with
family history) and allows for visualization and removal of polyps. FOBT is adjunctive.
2. Which intervention is most effective in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal
women?
A. Vitamin D supplementation only
B. Weight-bearing exercises
C. Daily calcium intake
D. Hormone replacement therapy
Answer: B. Weight-bearing exercises
Rationale: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises stimulate bone formation and help
maintain bone density. Calcium and vitamin D support but are insufficient alone.
3. A nurse is counseling a client on HPV vaccination at age 26. Which statement is
correct?
A. Vaccination is not effective after age 25
,B. Vaccine prevents all types of cervical cancer
C. Vaccine is recommended up to age 45 based on risk
D. One dose is sufficient
Answer: C. Vaccine is recommended up to age 45 based on risk
Rationale: Recent guidelines allow HPV vaccination up to age 45, especially for those not
previously exposed to HPV strains. Full dosing schedule is required.
4. Which behavior modification strategy is most effective for long-term smoking
cessation?
A. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone
B. Behavioral counseling with NRT
C. Brief advice from a clinician
D. Hypnosis
Answer: B. Behavioral counseling with NRT
Rationale: Combining counseling with pharmacologic therapy significantly increases cessation
rates compared to either alone.
5. At what age should adults begin screening for type 2 diabetes if they are asymptomatic
and at average risk?
A. 30 years
B. 35 years
C. 40 years
D. 45 years
Answer: D. 45 years
Rationale: USPSTF recommends screening for type 2 diabetes in adults starting at 35–45
years, earlier if risk factors (obesity, family history) are present.
6. A nurse is educating a client about Mediterranean diet benefits. Which statement
indicates understanding?
A. High in red meats and dairy
B. Emphasizes olive oil, vegetables, and fish
C. Avoids all fats
D. Only allows fruits
Answer: B. Emphasizes olive oil, vegetables, and fish
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet reduces cardiovascular risk, improves lipid profiles, and
promotes longevity through unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and fish.
, 7. Which vaccine is recommended annually for all adults to prevent respiratory
complications?
A. Pneumococcal vaccine
B. Influenza vaccine
C. Tetanus booster
D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: B. Influenza vaccine
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all adults to reduce morbidity and
mortality from seasonal flu.
8. Which screening is most important for early detection of melanoma?
A. Clinical breast exam
B. Full-body skin assessment
C. Pap smear
D. Colonoscopy
Answer: B. Full-body skin assessment
Rationale: Early detection of melanoma relies on visual skin assessments and patient
self-monitoring for changing moles.
9. A client wants to reduce cardiovascular risk. Which lipid-lowering lifestyle change is
most effective?
A. Reducing saturated fat intake
B. Taking fish oil supplements
C. Eliminating all carbohydrates
D. Drinking green tea daily
Answer: A. Reducing saturated fat intake
Rationale: Saturated fat reduction significantly lowers LDL cholesterol, which reduces
cardiovascular risk.
10. Which preventive strategy is most effective in reducing type 2 diabetes incidence in
prediabetic adults?
A. Metformin alone
B. Lifestyle modification (diet + exercise)
C. Occasional glucose testing
D. Low-dose aspirin
Maintenance 5 (2025/2026) | 110 Verified
Q&A | Specialist-Level Preventive Care &
Revolutionary Health Paradigms
1. A 55-year-old client with a family history of colon cancer asks about preventive
screening. Which test is most appropriate to recommend first?
A. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually
B. Colonoscopy every 10 years
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
D. CT colonography every 5 years
Answer: B. Colonoscopy every 10 years
Rationale: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for clients at average or increased risk (with
family history) and allows for visualization and removal of polyps. FOBT is adjunctive.
2. Which intervention is most effective in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal
women?
A. Vitamin D supplementation only
B. Weight-bearing exercises
C. Daily calcium intake
D. Hormone replacement therapy
Answer: B. Weight-bearing exercises
Rationale: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises stimulate bone formation and help
maintain bone density. Calcium and vitamin D support but are insufficient alone.
3. A nurse is counseling a client on HPV vaccination at age 26. Which statement is
correct?
A. Vaccination is not effective after age 25
,B. Vaccine prevents all types of cervical cancer
C. Vaccine is recommended up to age 45 based on risk
D. One dose is sufficient
Answer: C. Vaccine is recommended up to age 45 based on risk
Rationale: Recent guidelines allow HPV vaccination up to age 45, especially for those not
previously exposed to HPV strains. Full dosing schedule is required.
4. Which behavior modification strategy is most effective for long-term smoking
cessation?
A. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone
B. Behavioral counseling with NRT
C. Brief advice from a clinician
D. Hypnosis
Answer: B. Behavioral counseling with NRT
Rationale: Combining counseling with pharmacologic therapy significantly increases cessation
rates compared to either alone.
5. At what age should adults begin screening for type 2 diabetes if they are asymptomatic
and at average risk?
A. 30 years
B. 35 years
C. 40 years
D. 45 years
Answer: D. 45 years
Rationale: USPSTF recommends screening for type 2 diabetes in adults starting at 35–45
years, earlier if risk factors (obesity, family history) are present.
6. A nurse is educating a client about Mediterranean diet benefits. Which statement
indicates understanding?
A. High in red meats and dairy
B. Emphasizes olive oil, vegetables, and fish
C. Avoids all fats
D. Only allows fruits
Answer: B. Emphasizes olive oil, vegetables, and fish
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet reduces cardiovascular risk, improves lipid profiles, and
promotes longevity through unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and fish.
, 7. Which vaccine is recommended annually for all adults to prevent respiratory
complications?
A. Pneumococcal vaccine
B. Influenza vaccine
C. Tetanus booster
D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: B. Influenza vaccine
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all adults to reduce morbidity and
mortality from seasonal flu.
8. Which screening is most important for early detection of melanoma?
A. Clinical breast exam
B. Full-body skin assessment
C. Pap smear
D. Colonoscopy
Answer: B. Full-body skin assessment
Rationale: Early detection of melanoma relies on visual skin assessments and patient
self-monitoring for changing moles.
9. A client wants to reduce cardiovascular risk. Which lipid-lowering lifestyle change is
most effective?
A. Reducing saturated fat intake
B. Taking fish oil supplements
C. Eliminating all carbohydrates
D. Drinking green tea daily
Answer: A. Reducing saturated fat intake
Rationale: Saturated fat reduction significantly lowers LDL cholesterol, which reduces
cardiovascular risk.
10. Which preventive strategy is most effective in reducing type 2 diabetes incidence in
prediabetic adults?
A. Metformin alone
B. Lifestyle modification (diet + exercise)
C. Occasional glucose testing
D. Low-dose aspirin
