Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2. dr.
Wunderlich Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources -
Correct answer-Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - Correct
answer-Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - Correct
answer-blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and
integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - Correct answer-focal or diffuse (aka
multifocal)
focal brain injuries - Correct answer-specific, grossly observable brain lesions that
occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
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,diffuse brain injuries - Correct answer-include brain injury due to hypoxia,
meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - Correct answer-affected at the t5-t6 level or above;
characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding
headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of
the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - Correct answer-individual
most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - Correct
answer-bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the
cord
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, Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-leading cause of dementia and one of the
most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-age,
family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-
low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical
activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - Correct
answer-PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid
precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - Correct answer-postmortem
examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - Correct answer-hypertension
(87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - Correct answer-arterial HTN, insulin
resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL),
elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and
PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib,
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Wunderlich Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources -
Correct answer-Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - Correct
answer-Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - Correct
answer-blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and
integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - Correct answer-focal or diffuse (aka
multifocal)
focal brain injuries - Correct answer-specific, grossly observable brain lesions that
occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,diffuse brain injuries - Correct answer-include brain injury due to hypoxia,
meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - Correct answer-affected at the t5-t6 level or above;
characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding
headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of
the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - Correct answer-individual
most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - Correct
answer-bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the
cord
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-leading cause of dementia and one of the
most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-age,
family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - Correct answer-
low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical
activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - Correct
answer-PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid
precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - Correct answer-postmortem
examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - Correct answer-hypertension
(87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - Correct answer-arterial HTN, insulin
resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL),
elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and
PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib,
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
