Solid Waste Management - Midterm Prep QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Solid Waste Management - Midterm Prep
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QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\




What are three federal laws related to waste recycling? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) Canadian Environmental Protection Act
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2) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act
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3) Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
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What makes up a majority of waste composition? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔1) Paper products |\ |\ |\ |\




2) Decomposable organic matter (yard waste)
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What factors can cause variation in waste composition? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) Geographic location
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2) Seasons
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3) Population diversity
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4) Public attitude
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5) Legislation
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How does geographic location impact waste composition? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Influence is caused by surrounding
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climate and its affect on certain types of waste.
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EX. Warmer climates have longer growing seasons and produce
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more yard waste (organics)
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,How can seasonal variations impact waste compostion? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It can impact the quantity or composition
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of certain solid wastes.
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EX. More yard waste in summer months, less in winter
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How does population diversity impact waste composition? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Generally, low-income areas produce less
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waste than high-income areas
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How does Public Attitude impact waste composition? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Communities with more positive outlook on waste
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management will get more compliance from citizens. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




How does Legislation impact waste composition? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Can regulate the use and disposal of certain
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materials.


What parameters are used to determine waste characterization? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) Physical Parameters
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- Density, moisture content, and relative distribution of municipal
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wastes.
2) Chemical Parameters
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- Chemical compounds, non-combustibles, heating value,
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ultimate analysis, proximate analysis|\ |\ |\




Why is understanding the chemical parameters of waste
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important? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Classification of chemical|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\

,compounds and their characterization allows us to understand
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the behavior of the waste.
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If it is going to be used as a fuel (incineration) composition is
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important for the design of the incinerator.
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What are the major chemical parameters of solid waste? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Chemical compounds
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- Non-combustibles
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- Heating value'
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- Ultimate Analysis/Proximate Analysis (methods to determine
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chemical composition). |\




What are lipids? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- fats, oils and grease
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- principle source: garbage, cooking oils, fats.
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- High heat values, suitable for energy recovery
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- biodegradable (slow due to poor solubility in water)
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What are carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- sugars and
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starches
- principle source: food and yard waste
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- biodegradable (attracts flies/rats)
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What are proteins? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- compounds
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containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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- Principle source: food and garden waste
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- Partial decomposition can cause unpleasant odors.
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, What are natural fibers? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- include
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natural compounds (cellulose, lignin) that are resistant to
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biodegradation
- Principle source: paper products, food/yard waste
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- Highly combustible, suitable for incineration
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What are non-combustibles? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Glass,
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ceramics, metals, soil. dust, ashes.
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- Makes up approximately 12-25% of waste by weight
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What are synthetic organic materials? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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plastics
- highly resistant to biodegradation
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- High heating value, but PVC produces dioxin and acid gas
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(produces acid rain) |\ |\




What is Heat/Calorific Value used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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Evaluates potential of waste material for use as a fuel for
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incineration
- Determined by bomb calorimeter test
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- Important value in terms of resource recovery
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What is a 'moisture-free' heat value? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Heat value where water component is subtracted from
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denominator.