**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The
need to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare,
business, technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably
arise, particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust
ethical frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights,
fairness, and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration
among lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical
reasoning and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while
safeguarding the dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Test Bank For
Maternal-Newborn Nursing The Critical Components of Nursing Care, 3rd Edition, Roberta
Durham, Linda Chapman
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1: Trends and Issues
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is caring for a patient who is in labor with her first child. The patient’s mother is
present for support and notes that things have changed in the delivery room since she last
gave birth in the early 1980s. Which current trend or intervention may the patient’s mother
find most different?
1. Fetal monitoring throughout labor
2. Postpartum stay of 10 days
3. Expectant partner and family in operating room for cesarean birth
4. Hospital support for breastfeeding
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 1. Discuss current trends in the management of labor and birth
Page: 4
Heading: Table 1-1: Past and Present Trends
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Fetal monitoring during labor began in the late 1970s. As such,
this likely would have occurred during the mother’s labor and delivery during
the 1980s.
2 This is incorrect. In the past, the average hospital postpartum stay was 10 days.
Presently, the average postpartum stay is 48 hours or less.
3 This is incorrect. In the past, expectant partners and families were excluded from
the labor and birth experience. Present trends involve the expectant partner and
family in the labor and birth experience, including presence in the operating
room for cesarean births.
, 4 This is correct. Hospital support for breastfeeding, including a lactation
consultant and employment of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, were both
enacted during the early 1990s.
PTS: 1 CON: Evidence-Based Practice
2. A patient with a history of hypertension is giving birth. During delivery, the staff was not
able to stabilize the patient’s blood pressure. As a result, the patient died shortly after
delivery. This is an example of what type of death?
1. Early maternal death
2. Late maternal death
3. Direct obstetric death
4. Indirect obstetric death
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 2. Discuss current trends in maternal and infant health
outcomes.
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The need
to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare, business,
technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably arise,
particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust ethical
frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights, fairness,
and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration among
lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical reasoning
and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while safeguarding the
dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Page: 7
Heading: Trends > Maternal Death and Mortality Rates
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
Difficulty: Hard
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Early maternal death is not an example of maternal death.
Examples of maternal death include late maternal death, indirect obstetric death,
direct obstetric death, and pregnancy-related death.
2 This is incorrect. Late maternal death occurs 42 days after termination of
pregnancy from a direct or indirect obstetric cause.
3 This is incorrect. Direct obstetric death results from complications during
pregnancy, labor, birth, and/or postpartum period.
4 This is correct. Indirect obstetric death is caused by a preexisting disease, or a
disease that develops during pregnancy.
PTS: 1 CON: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
3. The nurse is providing education to a patient who has given birth to her first child and is
being discharged home. The patient expressed concern regarding infant mortality and
, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy, labor,
and vaginal delivery. She has a body mass index of 25 and has no other health conditions.
The infant is healthy and was delivered full-term. What will be most helpful thing to explain
to the patient?
1. Uses of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (ECMO)
2. Uses of exogenous pulmonary surfactant
3. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
4. The Safe to Sleep campaign
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 3. Identify leading causes of infant death.
Page: 7
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The need
to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare, business,
technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably arise,
particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust ethical
frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights, fairness,
and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration among
lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical reasoning
and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while safeguarding the
dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Heading: Trends > Infant Mortality Rates
Integrated Processes: Nursing process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Health Promotion
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. EMCO has been cited as one of the factors that has reduced
infant mortality among preterm infants.
2 This is incorrect. Although advances in medical treatments have decreased infant
mortality, exogenous pulmonary surfactant is primarily used to reduce mortality of
preterm infants.
3 This is incorrect. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was developed to support
breastfeeding and is not directly linked to reduced infant mortality or SIDS.
4 This is correct. The Back to Sleep campaign and the Safe to Sleep campaigns were
designed to promote healthy infant sleeping habits. The decrease in SIDS from
1995 to 2015 was attributed to the Safe to Sleep campaign.
PTS: 1 CON: Health Promotion
4. The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. After complaining
of genital sores and discomfort, the patient tests positive for syphilis. The fetus is at
increased risk of which condition?
1. Diabetes
2. Blindness
3. Pneumonia
, 4. Hypertension
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 4. Discuss current maternal and infant health issues.
Page: 10
Heading: Issues > Teen Pregnancy > Implications of Teen Pregnancy and Birth
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Maternal obesity increases a child’s risk of developing
childhood obesity and diabetes.
2 This is correct. Neonatal blindness, maternal death, and neonatal death are all
associated with a patient who contracts syphilis during pregnancy.
3 This is incorrect. Chlamydial pneumonia is associated with maternal chlamydia.
4 This is incorrect. Teen mothers may have a higher risk of contracting sexually
transmitted illnesses and hypertension during pregnancy; however, maternal
syphilis is not associated with fetal hypertension.
PTS: 1 CON: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The
need to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare,
business, technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably
arise, particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of
robust ethical frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human
rights, fairness, and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires
collaboration among lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates
both ethical reasoning and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the
future while safeguarding the dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
5. The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old female who is pregnant with her first child. In her
previous prenatal visit, the patient tested negative for chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and
HIV. Based on the information provided, which condition is the patient’s baby at higher risk
for?
1. Intestinal problems
2. Neonatal conjunctivitis
3. Blindness
need to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare,
business, technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably
arise, particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust
ethical frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights,
fairness, and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration
among lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical
reasoning and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while
safeguarding the dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Test Bank For
Maternal-Newborn Nursing The Critical Components of Nursing Care, 3rd Edition, Roberta
Durham, Linda Chapman
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1: Trends and Issues
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is caring for a patient who is in labor with her first child. The patient’s mother is
present for support and notes that things have changed in the delivery room since she last
gave birth in the early 1980s. Which current trend or intervention may the patient’s mother
find most different?
1. Fetal monitoring throughout labor
2. Postpartum stay of 10 days
3. Expectant partner and family in operating room for cesarean birth
4. Hospital support for breastfeeding
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 1. Discuss current trends in the management of labor and birth
Page: 4
Heading: Table 1-1: Past and Present Trends
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Fetal monitoring during labor began in the late 1970s. As such,
this likely would have occurred during the mother’s labor and delivery during
the 1980s.
2 This is incorrect. In the past, the average hospital postpartum stay was 10 days.
Presently, the average postpartum stay is 48 hours or less.
3 This is incorrect. In the past, expectant partners and families were excluded from
the labor and birth experience. Present trends involve the expectant partner and
family in the labor and birth experience, including presence in the operating
room for cesarean births.
, 4 This is correct. Hospital support for breastfeeding, including a lactation
consultant and employment of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, were both
enacted during the early 1990s.
PTS: 1 CON: Evidence-Based Practice
2. A patient with a history of hypertension is giving birth. During delivery, the staff was not
able to stabilize the patient’s blood pressure. As a result, the patient died shortly after
delivery. This is an example of what type of death?
1. Early maternal death
2. Late maternal death
3. Direct obstetric death
4. Indirect obstetric death
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 2. Discuss current trends in maternal and infant health
outcomes.
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The need
to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare, business,
technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably arise,
particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust ethical
frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights, fairness,
and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration among
lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical reasoning
and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while safeguarding the
dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Page: 7
Heading: Trends > Maternal Death and Mortality Rates
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
Difficulty: Hard
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Early maternal death is not an example of maternal death.
Examples of maternal death include late maternal death, indirect obstetric death,
direct obstetric death, and pregnancy-related death.
2 This is incorrect. Late maternal death occurs 42 days after termination of
pregnancy from a direct or indirect obstetric cause.
3 This is incorrect. Direct obstetric death results from complications during
pregnancy, labor, birth, and/or postpartum period.
4 This is correct. Indirect obstetric death is caused by a preexisting disease, or a
disease that develops during pregnancy.
PTS: 1 CON: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
3. The nurse is providing education to a patient who has given birth to her first child and is
being discharged home. The patient expressed concern regarding infant mortality and
, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy, labor,
and vaginal delivery. She has a body mass index of 25 and has no other health conditions.
The infant is healthy and was delivered full-term. What will be most helpful thing to explain
to the patient?
1. Uses of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (ECMO)
2. Uses of exogenous pulmonary surfactant
3. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
4. The Safe to Sleep campaign
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 3. Identify leading causes of infant death.
Page: 7
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The need
to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare, business,
technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably arise,
particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of robust ethical
frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human rights, fairness,
and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires collaboration among
lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates both ethical reasoning
and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future while safeguarding the
dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
Heading: Trends > Infant Mortality Rates
Integrated Processes: Nursing process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Health Promotion
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. EMCO has been cited as one of the factors that has reduced
infant mortality among preterm infants.
2 This is incorrect. Although advances in medical treatments have decreased infant
mortality, exogenous pulmonary surfactant is primarily used to reduce mortality of
preterm infants.
3 This is incorrect. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was developed to support
breastfeeding and is not directly linked to reduced infant mortality or SIDS.
4 This is correct. The Back to Sleep campaign and the Safe to Sleep campaigns were
designed to promote healthy infant sleeping habits. The decrease in SIDS from
1995 to 2015 was attributed to the Safe to Sleep campaign.
PTS: 1 CON: Health Promotion
4. The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. After complaining
of genital sores and discomfort, the patient tests positive for syphilis. The fetus is at
increased risk of which condition?
1. Diabetes
2. Blindness
3. Pneumonia
, 4. Hypertension
ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Trends and Issues
Chapter Learning Objective: 4. Discuss current maternal and infant health issues.
Page: 10
Heading: Issues > Teen Pregnancy > Implications of Teen Pregnancy and Birth
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Maternal obesity increases a child’s risk of developing
childhood obesity and diabetes.
2 This is correct. Neonatal blindness, maternal death, and neonatal death are all
associated with a patient who contracts syphilis during pregnancy.
3 This is incorrect. Chlamydial pneumonia is associated with maternal chlamydia.
4 This is incorrect. Teen mothers may have a higher risk of contracting sexually
transmitted illnesses and hypertension during pregnancy; however, maternal
syphilis is not associated with fetal hypertension.
PTS: 1 CON: Ante/Intra/Post-partum
**Conclusion**Ethical and legal issues are deeply intertwined and pervasive across all sectors of society. The
need to balance moral considerations with legal obligations is a constant challenge in fields such as healthcare,
business, technology, and law. As society continues to evolve, new ethical and legal questions will inevitably
arise, particularly in the face of technological advancements and shifting social norms. The development of
robust ethical frameworks and legal structures that can adapt to these changes is critical for ensuring that human
rights, fairness, and justice are upheld in an increasingly complex world.Addressing these issues requires
collaboration among lawmakers, businesses, professionals, and citizens. A holistic approach, which incorporates
both ethical reasoning and legal principles, is essential for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the
future while safeguarding the dignity and rights of individuals.---This essay touches upon a variety of
5. The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old female who is pregnant with her first child. In her
previous prenatal visit, the patient tested negative for chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and
HIV. Based on the information provided, which condition is the patient’s baby at higher risk
for?
1. Intestinal problems
2. Neonatal conjunctivitis
3. Blindness
