Exam 2 Review for Medical Surgical Nursing II
1. What are the three Laennec's cirrhosis (chronic ETOH abuse), Cholestatic cirrhosis (due to bil-
types of cirrhosis iary obstruction or autoimmune disease), Postnecrotic cirrhosis (due to viral
mentioned in the hepatitis, specifically Hepatitis C).
notes?
2. What are some key The liver makes nonessential amino acids, synthesizes plasma proteins and
functions of the liv- clotting factors, converts ammonia to urea for excretion, and produces bile.
er?
3. What is a common Jaundice gives stool a clay color and urine a dark foamy characteristic.
symptom of jaundice
related to stool and
urine?
4. What neurological Hand tremors/flapping (asterixis), confusion, lethargy, and inability to con-
symptoms are asso- centrate.
ciated with increased
ammonia levels in
cirrhosis?
5. What are some gas- Anorexia, abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), hemorrhoids,
trointestinal symp- varices, fetor (bad breath), splenomegaly, clay-colored stool/diarrhea, nau-
toms of cirrhosis? sea, and malnutrition.
6. What endocrine and Increased aldosterone, increased ADH, increased circulation of estrogen
reproductive symp- leading to gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, palmar erythema, spider an-
toms can occur due giomas, and oligomenorrhea.
to cirrhosis?
7. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and impaired coagulation (increased PT/INR).
, Exam 2 Review for Medical Surgical Nursing II
What hematological
issues are associated
with cirrhosis?
8. What dermatological Jaundice, extreme itching, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, ecchymosis,
symptoms can be and petechiae.
observed in patients
with cirrhosis?
9. What cardiovascu- Portal hypertension, dysrhythmias, fatigue, edema, and anasarca (general-
lar complications can ized edema due to low albumin).
arise from cirrhosis?
10. What respiratory Shortness of breath (SOB), hypoxemia, dyspnea, and pleural effusion.
symptoms may oc-
cur in patients with
cirrhosis?
11. What is the normal Normal ALT range is 0-35 units/L; it may be high initially and then low as liver
range for ALT and function declines.
how does it change
in cirrhosis?
12. What is the signif- Bilirubin levels are typically elevated in cirrhosis, indicating liver dysfunction.
icance of elevated
bilirubin levels in cir-
rhosis?
13. What are the nurs- NPO after midnight or 4 hours prior, informed consent, coagulation stud-
ing interventions for ies pre-procedure, instruct patient to exhale and hold breath to prevent
1. What are the three Laennec's cirrhosis (chronic ETOH abuse), Cholestatic cirrhosis (due to bil-
types of cirrhosis iary obstruction or autoimmune disease), Postnecrotic cirrhosis (due to viral
mentioned in the hepatitis, specifically Hepatitis C).
notes?
2. What are some key The liver makes nonessential amino acids, synthesizes plasma proteins and
functions of the liv- clotting factors, converts ammonia to urea for excretion, and produces bile.
er?
3. What is a common Jaundice gives stool a clay color and urine a dark foamy characteristic.
symptom of jaundice
related to stool and
urine?
4. What neurological Hand tremors/flapping (asterixis), confusion, lethargy, and inability to con-
symptoms are asso- centrate.
ciated with increased
ammonia levels in
cirrhosis?
5. What are some gas- Anorexia, abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), hemorrhoids,
trointestinal symp- varices, fetor (bad breath), splenomegaly, clay-colored stool/diarrhea, nau-
toms of cirrhosis? sea, and malnutrition.
6. What endocrine and Increased aldosterone, increased ADH, increased circulation of estrogen
reproductive symp- leading to gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, palmar erythema, spider an-
toms can occur due giomas, and oligomenorrhea.
to cirrhosis?
7. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and impaired coagulation (increased PT/INR).
, Exam 2 Review for Medical Surgical Nursing II
What hematological
issues are associated
with cirrhosis?
8. What dermatological Jaundice, extreme itching, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, ecchymosis,
symptoms can be and petechiae.
observed in patients
with cirrhosis?
9. What cardiovascu- Portal hypertension, dysrhythmias, fatigue, edema, and anasarca (general-
lar complications can ized edema due to low albumin).
arise from cirrhosis?
10. What respiratory Shortness of breath (SOB), hypoxemia, dyspnea, and pleural effusion.
symptoms may oc-
cur in patients with
cirrhosis?
11. What is the normal Normal ALT range is 0-35 units/L; it may be high initially and then low as liver
range for ALT and function declines.
how does it change
in cirrhosis?
12. What is the signif- Bilirubin levels are typically elevated in cirrhosis, indicating liver dysfunction.
icance of elevated
bilirubin levels in cir-
rhosis?
13. What are the nurs- NPO after midnight or 4 hours prior, informed consent, coagulation stud-
ing interventions for ies pre-procedure, instruct patient to exhale and hold breath to prevent
