ENGELS: SEMESTER 2
5. GLOBAL MOBILITY
• Global = worldwide, international (not to be confused with globaal in Dutch, which has a different
meaning).
• Mobility = the ability of people to move around freely.
=> This means we can travel to other countries easily, and everything is accessible.
5.1 SECONDMENTS ABROAD
• Erasmus = a student exchange program that allows students to study in a different country.
o The term Erasmus comes from the EU.
o Student exchange program is the general term for studying abroad.
• Secondment = a type of exchange program for employees.
o Secondee = someone who is on a secondment.
o If you are on a secondment, you are required to work.
o Secondment often involves relocation—either temporary or permanent—for work
purposes.
ð A secondment is a temporary transfer of an employee to another department,
organization, or country, usually for work or professional development. The
employee remains employed by their original company but works in a different
environment for a set period.
o Pros and cons
Pro Con
Expanding your network Financial burden (it can be expensive, but
scholarships/bursaries may be available)
Increasing cultural awareness Leaving behind family and your comfort
zone
Personal growth (becoming more
independent and open-minded)
Improving communication and language
skills
Strengthening your CV
Gaining industry knowledge
,5.2 RELOCATION AND RETENTION
• To relocate = to move
• To retain= to keep
• Inversion occurs when the normal subject-verb order in a sentence is reversed. This means that
the finite verb comes before the subject.
Examples:
Non-inverted: I have never seen her so excited for a new job.
Inverted (question): Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
Inverted (negative adverbial): Never have I seen her so excited for a new job.
Structure:
à Inverted: finite verb + subject
à Non-inverted: subject + finite verb
Use:
Inversion is used in the following cases:
1) In questions
- Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
- Do you know if my colleague is in today?
- Why did the council not adopt the proposal?
2) After negative or limiting adverbs
- Never have I seen her so excited for a new job.
- Not only did my secondment enhance my skills, but it also expanded my network.
- Rarely do companies retain talented staff without strong incentives.
3) For Emphasis (Formal or Persuasive English)
- Inversion is often used in formal English, political speeches, or persuasive writing to create a
strong impact.
- Example: Winston Churchill's famous speech: “Never in the field of human conflict was so much
owed by so many to so few.”
Formation:
1) Inversion in Questions
- This follows the standard question format:
o EX: Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
2) Inversion After Negative or Limiting Adverbs
- To invert a sentence with a negative or limiting adverb, move the adverbial (e.g., never, rarely, not
only) to the beginning and adjust the subject-verb order.
- Formula: Adverbial + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Rest of Sentence
o EX:
§ Original: I have never seen her so excited.
§ Inverted: Never have I seen her so excited.
§ Original: My secondment not only enhanced my skills, but it also expanded my
network.
§ Inverted: Not only did my secondment enhance my skills, but it also expanded
my network.
, ! Identifying the Correct Auxiliary Verb
- There are three possible scenarios:
1) The sentence already has an auxiliary verb → Use it.
o Original: Secondment is rarely a simple process.
o Inverted: Rarely is secondment a simple process.
2) The sentence has multiple auxiliaries → Use the first one.
o Original: Secondment policies should not be ignored under any circumstances.
o Inverted: Under no circumstances should secondment policies be ignored.
3) The sentence has no auxiliary verb → Add one (‘do’).
o Original: Secondees seldom relocate without challenges.
- Inverted: Seldom do secondees relocate without challenges.
Important Note: Keep the same tense when adding an auxiliary verb (be, have, do).
Some adverbs trigger immediate inversion, while others cause inversion only in the main clause.
- Immediate Inversion Adverbs:
o Never, rarely, seldom, little
o Not only … but also
o No sooner … than
o Not once …
o Under no circumstances …
o On no account …
o At no time …
o In no way …
- Inversion in Main Clause Only:
o Only
o Not until …
STAPPENPLAN:
1) Adverb zoeken
a. Is dit zoals 99% van gevallen normale volgorde (adv+aux+subject)
b. Is dit een uiztodnering waar inversie pas in de hoofdzin plaatsvindt?
Dan pas inversie in midden van de zin
2) Auxaliray?
a. Orginal sentence heeft hulpwerkwoord à je gebruikt dat!
b. Of original sentence heeft meerdere auxiliary à use first one
c. Heft orginal sentence geen? à moet je een toevoegen (form van ‘to do’)
!!! I knew little à little did I know
Enhanced à do
Altijd dat dus wnr enhanced in zin sws “do” als hulpww
!! sws examen -> zie zin vaonder dia 16 !!
3) Subject
4) Rest
5. GLOBAL MOBILITY
• Global = worldwide, international (not to be confused with globaal in Dutch, which has a different
meaning).
• Mobility = the ability of people to move around freely.
=> This means we can travel to other countries easily, and everything is accessible.
5.1 SECONDMENTS ABROAD
• Erasmus = a student exchange program that allows students to study in a different country.
o The term Erasmus comes from the EU.
o Student exchange program is the general term for studying abroad.
• Secondment = a type of exchange program for employees.
o Secondee = someone who is on a secondment.
o If you are on a secondment, you are required to work.
o Secondment often involves relocation—either temporary or permanent—for work
purposes.
ð A secondment is a temporary transfer of an employee to another department,
organization, or country, usually for work or professional development. The
employee remains employed by their original company but works in a different
environment for a set period.
o Pros and cons
Pro Con
Expanding your network Financial burden (it can be expensive, but
scholarships/bursaries may be available)
Increasing cultural awareness Leaving behind family and your comfort
zone
Personal growth (becoming more
independent and open-minded)
Improving communication and language
skills
Strengthening your CV
Gaining industry knowledge
,5.2 RELOCATION AND RETENTION
• To relocate = to move
• To retain= to keep
• Inversion occurs when the normal subject-verb order in a sentence is reversed. This means that
the finite verb comes before the subject.
Examples:
Non-inverted: I have never seen her so excited for a new job.
Inverted (question): Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
Inverted (negative adverbial): Never have I seen her so excited for a new job.
Structure:
à Inverted: finite verb + subject
à Non-inverted: subject + finite verb
Use:
Inversion is used in the following cases:
1) In questions
- Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
- Do you know if my colleague is in today?
- Why did the council not adopt the proposal?
2) After negative or limiting adverbs
- Never have I seen her so excited for a new job.
- Not only did my secondment enhance my skills, but it also expanded my network.
- Rarely do companies retain talented staff without strong incentives.
3) For Emphasis (Formal or Persuasive English)
- Inversion is often used in formal English, political speeches, or persuasive writing to create a
strong impact.
- Example: Winston Churchill's famous speech: “Never in the field of human conflict was so much
owed by so many to so few.”
Formation:
1) Inversion in Questions
- This follows the standard question format:
o EX: Have you ever seen her so excited for a new job?
2) Inversion After Negative or Limiting Adverbs
- To invert a sentence with a negative or limiting adverb, move the adverbial (e.g., never, rarely, not
only) to the beginning and adjust the subject-verb order.
- Formula: Adverbial + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Rest of Sentence
o EX:
§ Original: I have never seen her so excited.
§ Inverted: Never have I seen her so excited.
§ Original: My secondment not only enhanced my skills, but it also expanded my
network.
§ Inverted: Not only did my secondment enhance my skills, but it also expanded
my network.
, ! Identifying the Correct Auxiliary Verb
- There are three possible scenarios:
1) The sentence already has an auxiliary verb → Use it.
o Original: Secondment is rarely a simple process.
o Inverted: Rarely is secondment a simple process.
2) The sentence has multiple auxiliaries → Use the first one.
o Original: Secondment policies should not be ignored under any circumstances.
o Inverted: Under no circumstances should secondment policies be ignored.
3) The sentence has no auxiliary verb → Add one (‘do’).
o Original: Secondees seldom relocate without challenges.
- Inverted: Seldom do secondees relocate without challenges.
Important Note: Keep the same tense when adding an auxiliary verb (be, have, do).
Some adverbs trigger immediate inversion, while others cause inversion only in the main clause.
- Immediate Inversion Adverbs:
o Never, rarely, seldom, little
o Not only … but also
o No sooner … than
o Not once …
o Under no circumstances …
o On no account …
o At no time …
o In no way …
- Inversion in Main Clause Only:
o Only
o Not until …
STAPPENPLAN:
1) Adverb zoeken
a. Is dit zoals 99% van gevallen normale volgorde (adv+aux+subject)
b. Is dit een uiztodnering waar inversie pas in de hoofdzin plaatsvindt?
Dan pas inversie in midden van de zin
2) Auxaliray?
a. Orginal sentence heeft hulpwerkwoord à je gebruikt dat!
b. Of original sentence heeft meerdere auxiliary à use first one
c. Heft orginal sentence geen? à moet je een toevoegen (form van ‘to do’)
!!! I knew little à little did I know
Enhanced à do
Altijd dat dus wnr enhanced in zin sws “do” als hulpww
!! sws examen -> zie zin vaonder dia 16 !!
3) Subject
4) Rest
