UPDATE!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
normal temp - ANSWER 36.4-37.5 degrees celsius
97.5-99.5 degrees fahrenheit
formula to convert fahrenheit to celsius - ANSWER degrees fahrenheit - 32 x 5/9 =
degrees celsius
formula to convert celsius to fahrenheit - ANSWER degrees celsius x 9/5 + 32 =
degrees fahrenheit
how does physical exercise affect body temp? - ANSWER use of the large muscles
creates heat, causing an increase in body temp
how does the menstrual cycle affect body temp? - ANSWER temp decreases slightly
just before ovulation but may increase to 1 degree F above normal during ovulation
why should an inability to obtain a temp not be ignored? - ANSWER because it could
represent a condition of hypothermia, a life-threatening condition in very young and older
clients
the nurse must wait 15 - 30 minutes to take an oral temp when the client has recently... -
ANSWER *consumed hot or cold foods or liquids
1
,*smoked
*chewed gum
sims position - ANSWER sims position: the client is lying on the side with the body
turned prone at 45 degrees. The lower leg is extended, with the upper leg flexed at the hip
and knee to a 45-90 degree angle
when should a rectal temp be taken? - ANSWER *when an accurate temp cannot be
obtained orally
*the client has nasal congestion
*has undergone nasal or oral surgery, or had jaw wired
*has a nasogastric tube in place
*is unable to keep mouth closed
*is at risk for seizures
when should a rectal temp be avoided? - ANSWER *in cardiac clients
*the client who has undergone rectal surgery
*the client with diarrhea
*fecal impaction
*rectal bleeding
*clients at risk for bleeding
normal pulse - ANSWER 60-100 bpm
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system does what to the heart rate? -
ANSWER it increases it
when the BP is low, the heart rate is usually... - ANSWER increased
2
,grading scale for pulses - ANSWER 4+ = strong and bounding
3+ = full pulse, increased
2+ = normal, easily palpable
1+ = weak, barely palpable
0 = absent, not palpable
what is a pulse deficit? - ANSWER the peripheral pulse rate (radial) is less than the
ventricular contraction rate (apical)
what does a pulse deficit indicate? - ANSWER *a lack of peripheral perfusion, because
cardiac contractions are ineffective
*may indicate cardiac dysrhythmias
normal respiratory rate - ANSWER 12-20 bpm
how does an increased level of CO2 or a lower level of O2 affect the respiratory rate? -
ANSWER increases respiratory rate
how will a head injury or increased intracranial pressure affect respiration? -
ANSWER by depressing the respiratory center in the brain, resulting in shallow
respiration or slowed breathing
normal BP - ANSWER below 120/80
prehypertension - ANSWER 120/80 - 139/89
stage 1 hypertension - ANSWER 140/90 - 159/99
3
, stage 2 hypertension - ANSWER 160/100 or greater
how does BP change throughout the day? - ANSWER BP is typically lowest in the early
morning, gradually increases during the day, and peaks in the late afternoon and evening
when checking BP, avoid applying a cuff to an extremity... - ANSWER *into which IV
fluids are infusing
*where an arteriovenous shunt or fistula is present
*on the side on which breast or axillary surgery has been performed
*that has been traumatized or is diseased
when checking BP why is it important to select the appropriate cuff size? - ANSWER *a
cuff that is too small will yield a falsely high reading
*a cuff that is too large will yield a falsely low reading
a pulse oximetry reading below __________ should be reported the the HCP. -
ANSWER 90% (except in certain chronic conditions in which this value is the normal
state)
nursing considerations for NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid 1-3 - ANSWER *these meds
are contraindicated in clients experiencing gastric irritation, ulcer disease, or an allergy to
the med
*bleeding is a concern
*instruct client to take oral doses with milk or a snack to reduce gastric irritation
nursing considerations for NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid 4-6 - ANSWER *NSAIDs can
amplify the effects of anticoagulants
*hypoglycemia may result for the client taking ibuprofen if the client is concurrently taking
an oral hypoglycemic agent
4
normal temp - ANSWER 36.4-37.5 degrees celsius
97.5-99.5 degrees fahrenheit
formula to convert fahrenheit to celsius - ANSWER degrees fahrenheit - 32 x 5/9 =
degrees celsius
formula to convert celsius to fahrenheit - ANSWER degrees celsius x 9/5 + 32 =
degrees fahrenheit
how does physical exercise affect body temp? - ANSWER use of the large muscles
creates heat, causing an increase in body temp
how does the menstrual cycle affect body temp? - ANSWER temp decreases slightly
just before ovulation but may increase to 1 degree F above normal during ovulation
why should an inability to obtain a temp not be ignored? - ANSWER because it could
represent a condition of hypothermia, a life-threatening condition in very young and older
clients
the nurse must wait 15 - 30 minutes to take an oral temp when the client has recently... -
ANSWER *consumed hot or cold foods or liquids
1
,*smoked
*chewed gum
sims position - ANSWER sims position: the client is lying on the side with the body
turned prone at 45 degrees. The lower leg is extended, with the upper leg flexed at the hip
and knee to a 45-90 degree angle
when should a rectal temp be taken? - ANSWER *when an accurate temp cannot be
obtained orally
*the client has nasal congestion
*has undergone nasal or oral surgery, or had jaw wired
*has a nasogastric tube in place
*is unable to keep mouth closed
*is at risk for seizures
when should a rectal temp be avoided? - ANSWER *in cardiac clients
*the client who has undergone rectal surgery
*the client with diarrhea
*fecal impaction
*rectal bleeding
*clients at risk for bleeding
normal pulse - ANSWER 60-100 bpm
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system does what to the heart rate? -
ANSWER it increases it
when the BP is low, the heart rate is usually... - ANSWER increased
2
,grading scale for pulses - ANSWER 4+ = strong and bounding
3+ = full pulse, increased
2+ = normal, easily palpable
1+ = weak, barely palpable
0 = absent, not palpable
what is a pulse deficit? - ANSWER the peripheral pulse rate (radial) is less than the
ventricular contraction rate (apical)
what does a pulse deficit indicate? - ANSWER *a lack of peripheral perfusion, because
cardiac contractions are ineffective
*may indicate cardiac dysrhythmias
normal respiratory rate - ANSWER 12-20 bpm
how does an increased level of CO2 or a lower level of O2 affect the respiratory rate? -
ANSWER increases respiratory rate
how will a head injury or increased intracranial pressure affect respiration? -
ANSWER by depressing the respiratory center in the brain, resulting in shallow
respiration or slowed breathing
normal BP - ANSWER below 120/80
prehypertension - ANSWER 120/80 - 139/89
stage 1 hypertension - ANSWER 140/90 - 159/99
3
, stage 2 hypertension - ANSWER 160/100 or greater
how does BP change throughout the day? - ANSWER BP is typically lowest in the early
morning, gradually increases during the day, and peaks in the late afternoon and evening
when checking BP, avoid applying a cuff to an extremity... - ANSWER *into which IV
fluids are infusing
*where an arteriovenous shunt or fistula is present
*on the side on which breast or axillary surgery has been performed
*that has been traumatized or is diseased
when checking BP why is it important to select the appropriate cuff size? - ANSWER *a
cuff that is too small will yield a falsely high reading
*a cuff that is too large will yield a falsely low reading
a pulse oximetry reading below __________ should be reported the the HCP. -
ANSWER 90% (except in certain chronic conditions in which this value is the normal
state)
nursing considerations for NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid 1-3 - ANSWER *these meds
are contraindicated in clients experiencing gastric irritation, ulcer disease, or an allergy to
the med
*bleeding is a concern
*instruct client to take oral doses with milk or a snack to reduce gastric irritation
nursing considerations for NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid 4-6 - ANSWER *NSAIDs can
amplify the effects of anticoagulants
*hypoglycemia may result for the client taking ibuprofen if the client is concurrently taking
an oral hypoglycemic agent
4
