1
StraighterLine AP2 – Anatomy & Physiology II
(BIO202) Final Exam | Verified Questions and
Answers | Updated 2025 Edition
1. Plasma consists primarily of water and - ANSWER proteins.
2. Which tissue makes up the innermost layer of the heart wall? - ANSWER
endocardium
3. B and T cells belong to a group of white blood cells called - ANSWER
lymphocytes.
4. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by which of the following? -
ANSWER Self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue damage.
5. Which law states that the pressure of a gas in a container is inversely
proportional to its volume at a given temperature? - ANSWER Boyle's law
6. The greatest quantity of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what
form? - ANSWER bound to hemoglobin
7. A newly identified digestive disease is characterized by the absence of
enteric neurons in the large intestine that control only local activities,
without outside influences. What might a symptom of this disease include? -
ANSWER poor intestinal motility leading to constipation
8. What is produced by the pancreatic islets, or islets of Langerhans? -
ANSWER glucagon and insulin
9. Which of the following is a consequence of acute renal failure?
Select one:
a. white crystals of urea appearing on the skin
b. a waxy, greenish cast to the skin
c. increase in section of reproductive hormone
d. decreased flow of lymph - ANSWER a. white crystals of urea
appearing on the skin
, 2
10.After analyzing the urine test from one of his patients, the doctor notices a
high amount of telomerase. What does this likely signify? - ANSWER
urinary bladder cancer
11.The accessory glands that secrete components of seminal fluid into the
urethra are the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the - ANSWER
bulbourethral glands.
12.In human development, neurons are lost at the most rapid rate during -
ANSWER early life.
13.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER b. regulation of pH
14.All of the following could be learned from a blood chemistry test except
Select one:
a. blood urea nitrogen.
b. bilirubin levels.
c. elevated glucose levels.
d. elevated cholesterol levels.
e. heart rate and blood pressure - ANSWER e. heart rate and blood
pressure
15.Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence.
(1) prothrombin → thrombin
(2) fibrinogen → fibrin
(3) activation of factor XII
(4) formation of prothrombinase - ANSWER 3, 4, 1, 2
16.Which blood type is considered the universal recipient? - ANSWER Type
AB
17.During platelet plug formation, - ANSWER platelets stick to the exposed
collagen fibers of injured vessels
18.Fibrinolysis is responsible for - ANSWER clot dissolution
19.The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the - ANSWER
left ventricle.
, 3
20.The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle - ANSWER prevents
tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle
21.In the platelet release reaction, - ANSWER ADP and thromboxanes
stimulate other platelets to become activated.
22.The hematocrit is - ANSWER d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume
of blood.
23.What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? -
ANSWER Vitamin K
24.A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning
in - ANSWER a. protection.
25.The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - ANSWER oxyhemoglobin
26.The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the -
ANSWER c. leukocytes
27.Plasma - ANSWER . is the liquid matrix of the blood.
28.An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - ANSWER . prevent
clotting process.
29.On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER b. chromosome 11
30.Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______
tissue. - ANSWER e. connective
31.The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is
called - ANSWER b. diapedesis.
32.The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a
blood vessel. This is known as - ANSWER b. vascular spasm
33.The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when
_____ comes into contact with collagen. - ANSWER factor XII
, 4
34.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER regulation of pH
35.What is tissue thromboplastin? - ANSWER A compound released by
damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway
36.A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked
increase in the clotting time of blood? - ANSWER megakaryoblast
37.Macrophages are derived from - ANSWER monocytes
38.Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of
coagulation? - ANSWER conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
39.The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - ANSWER SA node
40.Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - ANSWER
Ventricles to great vessels
41.The adult heart averages ___________ grams. - ANSWER 250-300
42.The epicardium - ANSWER covers the surface of the heart.
43.Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from -
ANSWER aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
44.What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - ANSWER
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
45.The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as -
ANSWER Starling Law of the heart.
46.Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER are maintained by an extensive capillary
network.
47.During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, -
ANSWER AV and semilunar valves are closed.
StraighterLine AP2 – Anatomy & Physiology II
(BIO202) Final Exam | Verified Questions and
Answers | Updated 2025 Edition
1. Plasma consists primarily of water and - ANSWER proteins.
2. Which tissue makes up the innermost layer of the heart wall? - ANSWER
endocardium
3. B and T cells belong to a group of white blood cells called - ANSWER
lymphocytes.
4. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by which of the following? -
ANSWER Self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue damage.
5. Which law states that the pressure of a gas in a container is inversely
proportional to its volume at a given temperature? - ANSWER Boyle's law
6. The greatest quantity of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what
form? - ANSWER bound to hemoglobin
7. A newly identified digestive disease is characterized by the absence of
enteric neurons in the large intestine that control only local activities,
without outside influences. What might a symptom of this disease include? -
ANSWER poor intestinal motility leading to constipation
8. What is produced by the pancreatic islets, or islets of Langerhans? -
ANSWER glucagon and insulin
9. Which of the following is a consequence of acute renal failure?
Select one:
a. white crystals of urea appearing on the skin
b. a waxy, greenish cast to the skin
c. increase in section of reproductive hormone
d. decreased flow of lymph - ANSWER a. white crystals of urea
appearing on the skin
, 2
10.After analyzing the urine test from one of his patients, the doctor notices a
high amount of telomerase. What does this likely signify? - ANSWER
urinary bladder cancer
11.The accessory glands that secrete components of seminal fluid into the
urethra are the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the - ANSWER
bulbourethral glands.
12.In human development, neurons are lost at the most rapid rate during -
ANSWER early life.
13.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER b. regulation of pH
14.All of the following could be learned from a blood chemistry test except
Select one:
a. blood urea nitrogen.
b. bilirubin levels.
c. elevated glucose levels.
d. elevated cholesterol levels.
e. heart rate and blood pressure - ANSWER e. heart rate and blood
pressure
15.Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence.
(1) prothrombin → thrombin
(2) fibrinogen → fibrin
(3) activation of factor XII
(4) formation of prothrombinase - ANSWER 3, 4, 1, 2
16.Which blood type is considered the universal recipient? - ANSWER Type
AB
17.During platelet plug formation, - ANSWER platelets stick to the exposed
collagen fibers of injured vessels
18.Fibrinolysis is responsible for - ANSWER clot dissolution
19.The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the - ANSWER
left ventricle.
, 3
20.The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle - ANSWER prevents
tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle
21.In the platelet release reaction, - ANSWER ADP and thromboxanes
stimulate other platelets to become activated.
22.The hematocrit is - ANSWER d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume
of blood.
23.What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? -
ANSWER Vitamin K
24.A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning
in - ANSWER a. protection.
25.The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - ANSWER oxyhemoglobin
26.The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the -
ANSWER c. leukocytes
27.Plasma - ANSWER . is the liquid matrix of the blood.
28.An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - ANSWER . prevent
clotting process.
29.On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER b. chromosome 11
30.Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______
tissue. - ANSWER e. connective
31.The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is
called - ANSWER b. diapedesis.
32.The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a
blood vessel. This is known as - ANSWER b. vascular spasm
33.The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when
_____ comes into contact with collagen. - ANSWER factor XII
, 4
34.If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be
compromised? - ANSWER regulation of pH
35.What is tissue thromboplastin? - ANSWER A compound released by
damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway
36.A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked
increase in the clotting time of blood? - ANSWER megakaryoblast
37.Macrophages are derived from - ANSWER monocytes
38.Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of
coagulation? - ANSWER conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
39.The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - ANSWER SA node
40.Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - ANSWER
Ventricles to great vessels
41.The adult heart averages ___________ grams. - ANSWER 250-300
42.The epicardium - ANSWER covers the surface of the heart.
43.Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from -
ANSWER aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
44.What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - ANSWER
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
45.The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as -
ANSWER Starling Law of the heart.
46.Cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER are maintained by an extensive capillary
network.
47.During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, -
ANSWER AV and semilunar valves are closed.
