NGR5141 Exam 2 Week 1 Ques ons and answers
newest RATED A+ 2025/2026 NEW!! 100% VERIFIED
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General Adapta on Syndrome (GAS) - Ans •General adapta on syndrome (GAS)= a triad of
nonspecific responses to noxious s muli
Three stages of GAS
•Alarm stage
- Arousal of body defenses—fight or flight
-- Stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
---- Ac vates the sympathe c nervous system (SNS).
•Stage of resistance or adapta on
- Mobiliza on that contributes to fight or flight
-- Begins with the ac ons of adrenal hormones.
---- Cor sol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
•Stage of exhaus on
- Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
- May lead to the onset of disease
- Occurs only if stress con nues and adapta on is not successful
reac ve response - Ans - physiologic response to psychologic stressors
- anxious or angry about something so your heart rate and BP increase significantly
ex. unprepared for an exam so heart pounds and mouth is dry
,an cipatory response - Ans - a physiologic response in an cipa on of a disrup on in
homeostasis.
- learned responses
ex. in laws come to visit and you an cipate a disrup on in normal life
condi onal responses - Ans •Learned sources of danger lead to a physiologic response in
an cipa on of the s mulus
•May cause pos1rauma c stress disorder (PTSD) or phobias
- object or situa on associated with danger
ex. learned snake bites might kill you so you have developed a fear of snakes
allosta c load - Ans •cumula ve effects of stressors that influence physiologic responses.
•Influenced by gene c makeup, lifestyle, daily stress encounters, and extraordinary events
- individualized cumula ve amounts of stressors that exist in an individual's life and that
influence his or her physiologic responses.
-- The brain is influen al in determining when allosta c overload has been reached.
allosta c overload - Ans •exaggerated physiologic response to stress, which may include a
drama c increase in hormone secre on and inflammatory mediators- can poten ally be lethal
ex. sleep depriva on results from excessive stress and has damaging effects
- elevated cor sol
- elevated insulin and blood glucose
- increased BP
psychoneuroimmunology - Ans •the study of interac ons of consciousness, the brain and
spinal cord, and the body's defense mechanisms.
•Stressors: Elicit a stress response or stress system through ac ons of the nervous and
endocrine systems.
, -- stressors include Pain, cold, trauma, malnutri on, infec on, drugs, surgery, and many other
stressors
•A meta-analysis that included 228 studies found job insecurity increased the odds of repor ng
poor health by 50%, high job demands raise the odds of having a diagnosed illness by 35%, and
long work hours increase mortality by 20%
stress response - Ans •a stress-induced limbic response that triggers a cascade of CNS and
endocrine system events
•Limbic ac va on leads to secre on of cor cotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released from
the hypothalamus.
AND
•Norepinephrine release
•Promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other protec ve emo onal
responses.
major stress hormones - Ans - glucocor coids from the adrenal cortex in response to
adrenocor cotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland
parasympathe c system - Ans - balances the sympathe c nervous system
- influences the adapta on or maladapta on to stress
allostasis - Ans - adap ve physiologic response to stressful events
chronic or disregulated allostasis - Ans - long term or chronic exaggerated responses to stress
- can lead to disease
newest RATED A+ 2025/2026 NEW!! 100% VERIFIED
CORRECT
General Adapta on Syndrome (GAS) - Ans •General adapta on syndrome (GAS)= a triad of
nonspecific responses to noxious s muli
Three stages of GAS
•Alarm stage
- Arousal of body defenses—fight or flight
-- Stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
---- Ac vates the sympathe c nervous system (SNS).
•Stage of resistance or adapta on
- Mobiliza on that contributes to fight or flight
-- Begins with the ac ons of adrenal hormones.
---- Cor sol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
•Stage of exhaus on
- Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
- May lead to the onset of disease
- Occurs only if stress con nues and adapta on is not successful
reac ve response - Ans - physiologic response to psychologic stressors
- anxious or angry about something so your heart rate and BP increase significantly
ex. unprepared for an exam so heart pounds and mouth is dry
,an cipatory response - Ans - a physiologic response in an cipa on of a disrup on in
homeostasis.
- learned responses
ex. in laws come to visit and you an cipate a disrup on in normal life
condi onal responses - Ans •Learned sources of danger lead to a physiologic response in
an cipa on of the s mulus
•May cause pos1rauma c stress disorder (PTSD) or phobias
- object or situa on associated with danger
ex. learned snake bites might kill you so you have developed a fear of snakes
allosta c load - Ans •cumula ve effects of stressors that influence physiologic responses.
•Influenced by gene c makeup, lifestyle, daily stress encounters, and extraordinary events
- individualized cumula ve amounts of stressors that exist in an individual's life and that
influence his or her physiologic responses.
-- The brain is influen al in determining when allosta c overload has been reached.
allosta c overload - Ans •exaggerated physiologic response to stress, which may include a
drama c increase in hormone secre on and inflammatory mediators- can poten ally be lethal
ex. sleep depriva on results from excessive stress and has damaging effects
- elevated cor sol
- elevated insulin and blood glucose
- increased BP
psychoneuroimmunology - Ans •the study of interac ons of consciousness, the brain and
spinal cord, and the body's defense mechanisms.
•Stressors: Elicit a stress response or stress system through ac ons of the nervous and
endocrine systems.
, -- stressors include Pain, cold, trauma, malnutri on, infec on, drugs, surgery, and many other
stressors
•A meta-analysis that included 228 studies found job insecurity increased the odds of repor ng
poor health by 50%, high job demands raise the odds of having a diagnosed illness by 35%, and
long work hours increase mortality by 20%
stress response - Ans •a stress-induced limbic response that triggers a cascade of CNS and
endocrine system events
•Limbic ac va on leads to secre on of cor cotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released from
the hypothalamus.
AND
•Norepinephrine release
•Promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other protec ve emo onal
responses.
major stress hormones - Ans - glucocor coids from the adrenal cortex in response to
adrenocor cotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland
parasympathe c system - Ans - balances the sympathe c nervous system
- influences the adapta on or maladapta on to stress
allostasis - Ans - adap ve physiologic response to stressful events
chronic or disregulated allostasis - Ans - long term or chronic exaggerated responses to stress
- can lead to disease
