1|Page
NSG 5140 Midterm Exam Newest 2025 / NSG 5140
Adv Pathophysiology SOUTH COLLEGE Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
Sodium-Potassium Pump - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The sodium-
potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into
the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient essential for
membrane potential.
Mitochondria - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Mitochondria are known
as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP generation.
Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔In
metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or
accumulation of acids, lowering both bicarbonate and pH.
B Lymphocytes - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔B cells differentiate into
plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity.
,2|Page
Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury - . . ANSWER ✔
✔Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps
leading to water influx and cell swelling.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔IL-1 acts on the
hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point,
causing fever.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Type 1 DM is
an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation - . . ANSWER ✔
✔Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased
blood flow to the inflamed area.
Down Syndrome - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Trisomy 21 leads to
Down syndrome, characterized by developmental delays
and distinct facial features.
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Liquefactive Necrosis - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔In the brain,
ischemic injury leads to enzymatic digestion of dead cells
resulting in liquefactive necrosis.
IgM - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔IgM is the first antibody produced
and is effective in agglutination and complement
activation.
Oncogene - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Oncogenes are mutated
proto-oncogenes that drive unregulated cell proliferation.
Hypokalemia - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Low potassium levels
disturb the cardiac action potential, increasing the risk of
arrhythmias.
Type III Hypersensitivity - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔SLE involves
immune complex deposition (Type III), leading to
widespread inflammation and tissue damage.
Frontal Lobe - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The primary motor cortex,
located in the frontal lobe, initiates voluntary movement.
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Impaired tissue perfusion - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Shock results
in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues,
causing cellular dysfunction.
Bronchoconstriction and mucus production - . . ANSWER
✔ ✔Asthma involves hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle
constriction, and increased mucus, narrowing the airway.
Apoptosis - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Apoptosis is an orderly
process for removing damaged or unneeded cells without
inflammation.
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Plaque
rupture leads to thrombus formation, blocking coronary
arteries and causing infarction.
Serum creatinine - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Creatinine is a waste
product filtered by the kidneys; elevated levels suggest
impaired renal function.
Aldosterone - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Aldosterone promotes Na⁺
reabsorption and K⁺ loss in the distal nephron to increase
blood volume.
NSG 5140 Midterm Exam Newest 2025 / NSG 5140
Adv Pathophysiology SOUTH COLLEGE Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
Sodium-Potassium Pump - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The sodium-
potassium pump moves 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions into
the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient essential for
membrane potential.
Mitochondria - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Mitochondria are known
as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to their role in oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP generation.
Metabolic Acidosis Lab Values - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔In
metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or
accumulation of acids, lowering both bicarbonate and pH.
B Lymphocytes - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔B cells differentiate into
plasma cells which produce antibodies, central to humoral
immunity.
,2|Page
Hallmark of Reversible Cellular Injury - . . ANSWER ✔
✔Reversible injury often involves failure of ion pumps
leading to water influx and cell swelling.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔IL-1 acts on the
hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point,
causing fever.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Type 1 DM is
an autoimmune condition where T-cells destroy insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Cardinal Sign of Acute Inflammation - . . ANSWER ✔
✔Redness (rubor) results from vasodilation and increased
blood flow to the inflamed area.
Down Syndrome - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Trisomy 21 leads to
Down syndrome, characterized by developmental delays
and distinct facial features.
,3|Page
Liquefactive Necrosis - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔In the brain,
ischemic injury leads to enzymatic digestion of dead cells
resulting in liquefactive necrosis.
IgM - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔IgM is the first antibody produced
and is effective in agglutination and complement
activation.
Oncogene - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Oncogenes are mutated
proto-oncogenes that drive unregulated cell proliferation.
Hypokalemia - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Low potassium levels
disturb the cardiac action potential, increasing the risk of
arrhythmias.
Type III Hypersensitivity - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔SLE involves
immune complex deposition (Type III), leading to
widespread inflammation and tissue damage.
Frontal Lobe - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The primary motor cortex,
located in the frontal lobe, initiates voluntary movement.
, 4|Page
Impaired tissue perfusion - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Shock results
in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues,
causing cellular dysfunction.
Bronchoconstriction and mucus production - . . ANSWER
✔ ✔Asthma involves hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle
constriction, and increased mucus, narrowing the airway.
Apoptosis - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Apoptosis is an orderly
process for removing damaged or unneeded cells without
inflammation.
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Plaque
rupture leads to thrombus formation, blocking coronary
arteries and causing infarction.
Serum creatinine - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Creatinine is a waste
product filtered by the kidneys; elevated levels suggest
impaired renal function.
Aldosterone - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔Aldosterone promotes Na⁺
reabsorption and K⁺ loss in the distal nephron to increase
blood volume.
