UPDATED 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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What are DIBELS? - ANSWER ✓ The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy
Skills:
A set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy
skills.
They are designed to be short (one minute) fluency measures used to regularly
monitor the development of early literacy and early reading skills.
IQ Achievement Discrepancy Model - ANSWER ✓ The traditional method used
to determine whether a student has a learning disability and needs special
education services.
The discrepancy model is based on the concept of the normal curve.
What is RTI? - ANSWER ✓ Struggling students' skills are monitored to determine
whether they show adequate growth (referred to as responsiveness) following the
implementation of high-quality instruction.
RTI is also offered as an alternative to the IQ-achievement discrepancy model for
identifying students with learning disabilities.
Why is RTI needed? - ANSWER ✓ Students who do not respond adequately to
research-validated instruction in the general education classroom are provided with
increasingly intensive and validated interventions.
,RTI is a multi-level approach that is made of the following components: -
ANSWER ✓ Universal screening: All students are given a screening measure.
Students at risk for academic failure are identified.
Tier 1: Students receive effective, research-validated instruction in the general
education setting. Student progress is monitored on a weekly basis. (In some
approaches, universal screening is considered part of Tier 1.)-80-90% of
enrollment
Tier 2: Students whose progress is less than desired receive different or additional
support from the classroom teacher or another educational professional. Student
progress continues to be monitored.-5-10% of enrollment.
Tier 3: Students whose progress is still insufficient in response to Tier 2 instruction
may receive even more intensive instruction, which can be provided in a variety of
ways. Then, depending on a state's or district's policies, students may qualify for
special education services based on the progress monitoring data, or they may
receive either an abbreviated or comprehensive evaluation for the identification of
a learning disability.-1-5% of enrollment.
How can RTI support a comprehensive literacy program? - ANSWER ✓
Differentiated Instruction
Comprehensive Core Reading Program
Phonemic Awareness
Phonics and Word Study
Fluency
Vocabulary
Reading Comprehension
Considerations for ELL's
Effective Instruction at Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
How does including a wide variety of text levels encourage a literacy-rich
environment? - ANSWER ✓ Activities that stimulate enjoyment of books and
appreciation for the usefulness of reading and writing motivate students to become
engaged with the magic of the written word.
How do including publisher, student, and teacher created materials encourage a
print-rich environment? - ANSWER ✓ Showcasing student-generated content
through published books is a motivating and hands-on approach to learning.
,Thinking and talking about experiences can help students develop an
understanding of themselves and others.
Why would including a variety of materials be very important in a literacy-rich
environment? - ANSWER ✓ The literacy-rich environment emphasizes the
importance of speaking, reading, and writing in the learning of all students.
How does considering student interest in reading material lead to a literacy-rich
environment? - ANSWER ✓ Readers shape their views of themselves and of the
world partly through what they read.
How does modeling a positive attitude toward reading lead to a literacy-rich
environment? - ANSWER ✓ It demonstrates the fact that reading opens up a world
of information from which they gain knowledge, insight, and power.
How can adding a small group table and computers add to a literacy-rich
environment? - ANSWER ✓ It reinforces the skills that have been taught.
List various literacy materials that could encourage reading. - ANSWER ✓
Dictionaries
Menus
Recipes
Labels
Signs
Printed directions
Student work
Alphabet displays
Adapted Materials:
Tactile Books — textured print or pictures within books for students to touch and
sniff
Manipulatives — hands-on skill building materials such as pattern blocks, color
tiles, and reading rods
Slant boards — boards propped up on an angled book stands to assist students with
their writing
, Pencil grips — a pre-shaped grip that is placed over a pencil to assist students with
proper grip and letter formation
How are leveled readers implemented in a small group reading lesson? -
ANSWER ✓ When grouping students they should be similar in their development
and read about the same level.
How is the varying of instructional time and reading groups important
differentiation strategies? - ANSWER ✓ Teachers can meet the needs of all
students, including the students with LD, by careful use of a variety of grouping
practices, including:
whole-class instruction
teacher- and peer-led small group instruction
pairing and peer tutoring
one-on-one instruction.
Explain how to differentiate for struggling readers? - ANSWER ✓ Teachers can
differentiate content, process, and/or product for students:
Content refers to a change in the material being learned by a student.
Differentiation of process refers to the way in which a student accesses material.
Differentiation of product refers to the way in which a student shows what he or
she has learned
Explain how to differentiate instruction for advanced readers. - ANSWER ✓ Time
Tasks
Texts
Explain how teaching skills appropriate to ability and individualized one-on-one
instruction can help differentiate for students. - ANSWER ✓ The same students are
not in the same group for every activity or assignment.
Each student is moved around according to her abilities.
How can a reading lesson be adapted for ELLs? - ANSWER ✓ Phonemic
Awareness: Model production of the sound