URINARY ELIMINATION: PROCESSES, FACTORS, AND NURSING CARE|QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026

URINARY ELIMINATION: PROCESSES, FACTORS, AND NURSING CARE|QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Urinary elimination A precise system of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion that helps
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance while filtering and excreting water-soluble wastes.



Normal urine production Most adults produce 1,000 to 2,000 mL/day of urine.



Factors affecting urinary elimination Includes poor abdominal and pelvic muscle tone,
spinal cord injury, age, pregnancy, diet, immobility, pain, psychosocial factors, surgical
procedures, and medications.



Diet impact on urination Increased sodium leads to decreased urination; caffeine and
alcohol lead to increased urination.



Complications of urinary elimination Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common
complication.



Risk factors for UTIs Female clients due to short urethra proximity to anus and indwelling
catheters.



Manifestations of UTIs Urgency, frequency, fever, burning, cloudy urine; in older adults:
confusion, incontinence, falls, anorexia.



Bladder scan A diagnostic test that measures bladder volume.



X-ray A diagnostic test that identifies the size and shape of kidneys, ureters, and bladder.