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A 55-year-old male patient describes to you an episode of chest tightness in his
substernal area that radiated to his back while he was jogging. It was relieved
immediately when he stopped. Which of the following conditions does this best
describe?
A) Angina pectoris
B) Acute myocardial infarction
C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
D) Acute costochondritis - ANSWER-A) Angina pectoris
Symptoms of angina pectoris include a pressing, squeezing, or crushing pain,
usually in the chest or back, arms, neck, or ear lobes. Weakness, fatigue, and
shortness of breath and pain radiating in the arms, shoulders, jaw, neck, and/or
back may also occur. Angina pectoris is most commonly brought on by physical
exertion, but can also be triggered by stress and other stressors to the body.
Which of the following would you recommend to this 55-year-old patient?
A) Start an exercise program by starting with walking instead of jogging
B) Consult with a cardiologist for further evaluation
C) Consult with a gastroenterologist to rule out acute cholecystitis
,D) Take ibuprofen (Advil) 600 mg for pain every 4 to 6 hours PRN -
ANSWER-B) Consult with a cardiologist for further evaluation
Physical assessment and examination by a cardiologist are advised to rule out
cardiac problems and deter- mine the safety of physical exercise.
Carol, a 73-year-old patient, complains of episodic vertigo, slight confusion,
and weakness that last nearly an hour each time. Movement does not worsen the
vertigo. She "rests" and her symptoms subside, but she is puzzled because the
weakness "jumps from side to side," sometimes on the right and sometimes on
the left of her body. Her symptoms suggest:
A) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
B) Ménière's disease
C) TIA (transient ischemic attack)
D) CVA (cerebrovascular accident) - ANSWER-C) TIA (transient ischemic
attack)
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is caused by vascular occlusion. Symptoms of a
TIA usually last less than 1 hour; however, the symptoms may also be
permanent. Common signs/symptoms include neurologic deficits, vertigo,
confusion, weakness, hemiparesis, temporary monocular blindness, ataxia, and
diplopia.
All of the following measures have been found to help lower the risk of
osteoporosis except:
A) Drinking organic juice
B) Eating low-fat dairy foods
C) Performing weight-bearing exercises
D) Vitamin D supplementation - ANSWER-A) Drinking organic juice
,Vitamin D levels must be sufficient for the body to absorb calcium. Eating
foods high in vitamin D and calcium along with calcium and vitamin D
supplements are advised to protect the bones and prevent bone loss. Performing
weight-bearing exercises daily also increases bone strength.
A 28-year-old male nurse of Hispanic descent reports a history of a cold that
resolved 2 weeks ago except for a dry cough and pain over his right cheek that
worsens when he bends down. The patient denies fever. He tells the employee
health nurse practitioner that he is very allergic to both cephalexin (Keflex) and
erythromycin. The vital signs show that the patient's temperature is 99.2 degrees
Fahrenheit, a pulse of 72 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 12 breaths
per minute. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A) Acute sinusitis
B) Acute bronchitis
C) Fever secondary to the previous viral URI (upper respiratory infection)
D) Munchausen's syndrome - ANSWER-A) Acute sinusitis
Acute sinusitis symptoms include cough, facial pain, and low-grade fever.
A 38-year-old multigravida who is at 32 weeks of gestation calls the family
nurse practitioner complaining of bright red vaginal bleeding. There is no
watery dis- charge. She complains that her uterus feels hard and is very painful.
Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A) Placenta previa
B) Placenta abruptio
C) A molar pregnancy
D) An ectopic pregnancy - ANSWER-B) Placenta abruptio
, Abruptio placenta symptoms are bright red vaginal bleeding, board-like uterus
on palpation, and pain. However, there can be concealed hemorrhage and the
patient may not have vaginal bleeding. Placenta previa is painless bleeding.
Ectopic and molar pregnancy would not progress to 32 weeks gestation
The following skin findings are considered macules except:
A) A freckle
B) Petechiae
C) Acne
D) A flat, 0.5-cm brown birthmark - ANSWER-C) Acne
A macule is a flat, non-raised lesion on the skin. Acne lesions are pap- ules
because they consist of raised, erythemic lesions on the skin. A freckle,
petechiae, and a flat birthmark are all considered macules.
A sexually active woman is complaining of amenorrhea and vaginal spotting.
On exam, her left adnexa is tender and cervical motion tenderness is positive.
Which test should the nurse practitioner initially order?
A) Flat plate of the abdomen
B) Complete blood count (CBC) with white cell differentials
C) Urine pregnancy test
D) Pelvic ultrasound - ANSWER-C) Urine pregnancy test
A urine pregnancy test should be performed to rule out miscarriage and/or tubal
pregnancy.
A toddler with congenital heart disease is seen for a 1-week history of facial and
lower-extremity edema accompanied by shortness of breath. The child's mother
reports that the child's appetite has been poor. The chest x-ray reveals that the