STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization &
Homeostasis
Question Stem
A nurse is reviewing the concept of homeostasis with a student.
The nurse explains that a patient with poorly controlled type 2
diabetes has chronic hyperglycemia. Which statement by the
student best demonstrates an understanding of the
pathophysiology of this condition in terms of homeostasis?
A. "The pancreatic beta-cells are functioning at an optimal level
to maintain balance."
B. "The negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed or
ineffective, leading to an imbalance."
C. "The positive feedback loop for insulin secretion is
continuously activated."
D. "The body has successfully adapted to a new, higher set point
for blood glucose."
,Options
A. "The pancreatic beta-cells are functioning at an optimal level
to maintain balance."
B. "The negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed or
ineffective, leading to an imbalance."
C. "The positive feedback loop for insulin secretion is
continuously activated."
D. "The body has successfully adapted to a new, higher set point
for blood glucose."
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct B: Chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is a
classic example of a failure in homeostatic control.
Negative feedback, which normally lowers blood glucose
by increasing insulin secretion and cellular uptake, is
impaired due to insulin resistance and/or beta-cell
dysfunction, resulting in a sustained imbalance.
• Incorrect A: This is incorrect because in type 2 diabetes,
beta-cell function is typically impaired over time, not
optimal.
• Incorrect C: Insulin regulation is governed by negative
feedback, not positive feedback. A continuous positive
feedback loop would be maladaptive and drive the system
further from balance.
, • Incorrect D: Homeostasis aims to maintain a narrow, stable
range for variables like blood glucose. The body does not
"adapt" to a pathologically high set point; this represents a
disease state.
Teaching Point
Homeostatic imbalance occurs when negative feedback
mechanisms fail to counteract a physiological disturbance.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position &
Directions
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with a suspected stab wound located 2 cm
inferior to the diaphragm and just to the left of the midsagittal
plane. Based on standard anatomical position, in which
abdominopelvic quadrant is the wound most likely located?
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Options
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
, B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct B: "Inferior to the diaphragm" places the wound in
the abdominal (not thoracic) cavity. "To the left of the
midsagittal plane" places it in the left half of the body. This
combination definitively locates it in the Left Upper
Quadrant (LUQ).
• Incorrect A: The RUQ is to the right of the midsagittal
plane.
• Incorrect C: The RLQ is both to the right of the midsagittal
plane and inferior to the umbilicus.
• Incorrect D: The LLQ is to the left of the midsagittal plane
but is located inferiorly, below the umbilicus.
Teaching Point
Anatomical directions are always described from the standard
anatomical position, regardless of the patient's actual body
position.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization &
Homeostasis
Question Stem
A nurse is reviewing the concept of homeostasis with a student.
The nurse explains that a patient with poorly controlled type 2
diabetes has chronic hyperglycemia. Which statement by the
student best demonstrates an understanding of the
pathophysiology of this condition in terms of homeostasis?
A. "The pancreatic beta-cells are functioning at an optimal level
to maintain balance."
B. "The negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed or
ineffective, leading to an imbalance."
C. "The positive feedback loop for insulin secretion is
continuously activated."
D. "The body has successfully adapted to a new, higher set point
for blood glucose."
,Options
A. "The pancreatic beta-cells are functioning at an optimal level
to maintain balance."
B. "The negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed or
ineffective, leading to an imbalance."
C. "The positive feedback loop for insulin secretion is
continuously activated."
D. "The body has successfully adapted to a new, higher set point
for blood glucose."
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct B: Chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is a
classic example of a failure in homeostatic control.
Negative feedback, which normally lowers blood glucose
by increasing insulin secretion and cellular uptake, is
impaired due to insulin resistance and/or beta-cell
dysfunction, resulting in a sustained imbalance.
• Incorrect A: This is incorrect because in type 2 diabetes,
beta-cell function is typically impaired over time, not
optimal.
• Incorrect C: Insulin regulation is governed by negative
feedback, not positive feedback. A continuous positive
feedback loop would be maladaptive and drive the system
further from balance.
, • Incorrect D: Homeostasis aims to maintain a narrow, stable
range for variables like blood glucose. The body does not
"adapt" to a pathologically high set point; this represents a
disease state.
Teaching Point
Homeostatic imbalance occurs when negative feedback
mechanisms fail to counteract a physiological disturbance.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position &
Directions
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with a suspected stab wound located 2 cm
inferior to the diaphragm and just to the left of the midsagittal
plane. Based on standard anatomical position, in which
abdominopelvic quadrant is the wound most likely located?
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Options
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
, B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct B: "Inferior to the diaphragm" places the wound in
the abdominal (not thoracic) cavity. "To the left of the
midsagittal plane" places it in the left half of the body. This
combination definitively locates it in the Left Upper
Quadrant (LUQ).
• Incorrect A: The RUQ is to the right of the midsagittal
plane.
• Incorrect C: The RLQ is both to the right of the midsagittal
plane and inferior to the umbilicus.
• Incorrect D: The LLQ is to the left of the midsagittal plane
but is located inferiorly, below the umbilicus.
Teaching Point
Anatomical directions are always described from the standard
anatomical position, regardless of the patient's actual body
position.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
