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What is the diagnosis? Sudden onset painless loss of vision, background
of hypertension and fundus has flame haemorrhages Ans✓✓✓Features?
CRVO
Stages of diabetic retinopathy Ans✓✓✓*Mild*- 1 or more
microaneurysms
*Moderate*- Dot and blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, venous beading,
cotton wool spots, mild IRMA
*Severe*- dot and blot haemorrhages and microaneurysms in 4
quadrants, venous beading in 2 quadrants, IRMA in 1 quadrant
Features of optic neuritis Ans✓✓✓1. Decreased visual acuity
2. Red desaturation
3. Pain
4.RAPD
5. Central scotoma
6. Evoked potentials-delayed
7. Optic atrophy
What is the condition? Hazy vision, oval pupil, decreased visual acuity
Ans✓✓✓Acute angle closure glaucoma
, What is the condition? Severe pain, red eye, violet hue
Ans✓✓✓Scleritis
What is the condition? Minimal pain, red eye, FB sensations, blanches
with phenylephrine Ans✓✓✓Episcleritis
What is the condition? Patient with background of autoimmune disease,
perilimbal flush, photosensitive, blurred vision and pain
Ans✓✓✓Anterior uveitis/ Iritis (often cornea is misty from
inflammatory cells and exudate in anterior chamber)
What is the condition? Pain, blurring of vision, watering eye (epiphoria).
Fluorescein: ragged cornea Ans✓✓✓Herpes simplex keratitis
Causes of Horner's syndrome? (Central, preganglionic and
postganglionic) Ans✓✓✓Central - Face, arms and trunk anhidrosis.
Syringomyelia, stroke, MS,
Preganglionic- Face anhidrosis. Thyroidectomy, pancoast tumour,
trauma,
Postganglionic- no anhidrosis. carotid artery aneurysm, carotid
dissection, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, cluster headaches
Signs of holmes Adie pupil Ans✓✓✓DILATED pupil Slow reaction to
accommodation and very slow to light. Absent leg reflexes