1
ARDMS Breast Registry Review
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Artifact Correct Answer: An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic
image that does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure.
Eg. enhancement or shadowing.
Attenuation Correct Answer: The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a
sound wave as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption,
reflection, and scattering.
Complex Correct Answer: A structure in the body that contains both cystic and
solid components.
Echogenic Correct Answer: A structure or medium that produces echoes.
Edge Shadowing Correct Answer: Decreased echo amplitude distal to the
edge of a structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam.
Enhancement Correct Answer: Increased echo amplitude returning from
regions lying beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound
beam (typically a cystic structure). This artifact results in a brighter than normal
appearance.
Heterogeneous Correct Answer: A structure that has an uneven texture
(hypoechoic and hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform.
Homogeneous Correct Answer: Smooth uniform texture
Ipsilateral Correct Answer: On the same side.
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,2
Contrlateral Correct Answer: On the opposite side.
Isoechoic Correct Answer: Same echogenicity as another structure or the
surrounding tissue.
Noise Correct Answer: Spurious echoes throughout the image.
Real-time Correct Answer: The scanning and display of sonographic images at a
sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their
natural rate. **Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are considered
real time**
Reverberation Correct Answer: Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a
strong interface. Sound "bounces"
Ring Down Correct Answer: Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen
for a considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle.
Sensitivity Correct Answer: The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when
disease is present.
Texture Correct Answer: The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of
interest in the body.
Refractive Edge Shadowing Correct Answer: Bending of a sound beam and loss
of sound energy causing a shadow.
Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast. Correct Answer: Fat
Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast sonography.
Correct Answer: Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,3
What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? Correct Answer: 7.0-
15.0 MHz is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining
penetration to the chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND.
Fixed elevation focusing represents.... Correct Answer: Focusing along the short
axis of the transducer.
What design of transducer is used in breast imaging? Correct Answer: Linear
array is optimal
The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance of
what artifact? Correct Answer: Beam divergence
Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______ __________
probe. Correct Answer: Linear array
When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? Correct Answer:
Pathology too large to fit on linear image
Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. Correct Answer:
1-D
1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) Correct Answer:
Elevation
1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis of the
probe. Correct Answer: Short
1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. Correct
Answer: Elevation
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
, 4
2-D array transducers are not currently _________. Correct Answer: available
Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be
adequate Correct Answer: 3, 6
An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ Correct Answer: gain
Know overall gain, TGC, and output power Correct Answer: This is ultrasound
elementary.
If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. Correct Answer: Output
power
If your image is too dark increase the ____________. Correct Answer: Receiver
gain
__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. Correct Answer:
Multiple
Multiple focal zones will decrease what? Correct Answer: Frame rate
a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____ to
_____ cm. Correct Answer: 1,2
10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus Correct Answer: 1.5
____________ (artifact) decreases contrast resolution and spatial resoution (both
axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts. Correct Answer: Volume
averaging
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
ARDMS Breast Registry Review
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Artifact Correct Answer: An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic
image that does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure.
Eg. enhancement or shadowing.
Attenuation Correct Answer: The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a
sound wave as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption,
reflection, and scattering.
Complex Correct Answer: A structure in the body that contains both cystic and
solid components.
Echogenic Correct Answer: A structure or medium that produces echoes.
Edge Shadowing Correct Answer: Decreased echo amplitude distal to the
edge of a structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam.
Enhancement Correct Answer: Increased echo amplitude returning from
regions lying beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound
beam (typically a cystic structure). This artifact results in a brighter than normal
appearance.
Heterogeneous Correct Answer: A structure that has an uneven texture
(hypoechoic and hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform.
Homogeneous Correct Answer: Smooth uniform texture
Ipsilateral Correct Answer: On the same side.
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,2
Contrlateral Correct Answer: On the opposite side.
Isoechoic Correct Answer: Same echogenicity as another structure or the
surrounding tissue.
Noise Correct Answer: Spurious echoes throughout the image.
Real-time Correct Answer: The scanning and display of sonographic images at a
sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their
natural rate. **Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are considered
real time**
Reverberation Correct Answer: Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a
strong interface. Sound "bounces"
Ring Down Correct Answer: Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen
for a considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle.
Sensitivity Correct Answer: The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when
disease is present.
Texture Correct Answer: The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of
interest in the body.
Refractive Edge Shadowing Correct Answer: Bending of a sound beam and loss
of sound energy causing a shadow.
Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast. Correct Answer: Fat
Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast sonography.
Correct Answer: Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,3
What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? Correct Answer: 7.0-
15.0 MHz is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining
penetration to the chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND.
Fixed elevation focusing represents.... Correct Answer: Focusing along the short
axis of the transducer.
What design of transducer is used in breast imaging? Correct Answer: Linear
array is optimal
The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance of
what artifact? Correct Answer: Beam divergence
Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______ __________
probe. Correct Answer: Linear array
When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? Correct Answer:
Pathology too large to fit on linear image
Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. Correct Answer:
1-D
1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) Correct Answer:
Elevation
1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis of the
probe. Correct Answer: Short
1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. Correct
Answer: Elevation
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
, 4
2-D array transducers are not currently _________. Correct Answer: available
Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be
adequate Correct Answer: 3, 6
An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ Correct Answer: gain
Know overall gain, TGC, and output power Correct Answer: This is ultrasound
elementary.
If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. Correct Answer: Output
power
If your image is too dark increase the ____________. Correct Answer: Receiver
gain
__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. Correct Answer:
Multiple
Multiple focal zones will decrease what? Correct Answer: Frame rate
a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____ to
_____ cm. Correct Answer: 1,2
10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus Correct Answer: 1.5
____________ (artifact) decreases contrast resolution and spatial resoution (both
axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts. Correct Answer: Volume
averaging
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
