ARDMS Breast Registry Review with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that does not correspond to the presence
or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or shadowing. ✔Correct Answer-Artifact
The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave as it travels through a material.
Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection, and scattering. ✔Correct Answer-Attenuation
A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid components. ✔Correct Answer-
Complex
A structure or medium that produces echoes. ✔Correct Answer-Echogenic
Decreased echo amplitude distal to the edge of a structure. This artifact results from refraction of the
sound beam. ✔Correct Answer-Edge Shadowing
Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying beyond an object that causes little or no
attenuation of the sound beam (typically a cystic structure). This artifact results in a brighter than
normal appearance. ✔Correct Answer-Enhancement
A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym -
non-uniform. ✔Correct Answer-Heterogeneous
Smooth uniform texture ✔Correct Answer-Homogeneous
On the same side. ✔Correct Answer-Ipsilateral
On the opposite side. ✔Correct Answer-Contrlateral
Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding tissue. ✔Correct Answer-Isoechoic
Spurious echoes throughout the image. ✔Correct Answer-Noise
The scanning and display of sonographic images at a sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures
can be seen to move at their natural rate. ***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are
considered real time*** ✔Correct Answer-Real-time
Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a strong interface. Sound "bounces" ✔Correct Answer-
Reverberation
Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle.
✔Correct Answer-Ring Down
The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when disease is present. ✔Correct Answer-Sensitivity
,The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in the body. ✔Correct Answer-Texture
Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound energy causing a shadow. ✔Correct Answer-
Refractive Edge Shadowing
Fat ✔Correct Answer-Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast.
Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin ✔Correct Answer-Hyperechoic describes what
three structures visualized in breast sonography.
7.0-15.0 MHz is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining penetration to the
chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND. ✔Correct Answer-What frequency transducer is
optimal for breast imaging?
Focusing along the short axis of the transducer. ✔Correct Answer-Fixed elevation focusing
represents....
Linear array is optimal ✔Correct Answer-What design of transducer is used in breast imaging?
Beam divergence ✔Correct Answer-The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is
the avoidance of what artifact?
Linear array ✔Correct Answer-Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a
_______ __________ probe.
Pathology too large to fit on linear image ✔Correct Answer-When is a curved array transducer
used in breast imaging?
1-D ✔Correct Answer-Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays.
Elevation ✔Correct Answer-1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis)
Short ✔Correct Answer-1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____
axis of the probe.
Elevation ✔Correct Answer-1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane.
available ✔Correct Answer-2-D array transducers are not currently _________.
3, 6 ✔Correct Answer-Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be
adequate
gain ✔Correct Answer-An echo's brightness is controlled by ______
This is ultrasound elementary. ✔Correct Answer-Know overall gain, TGC, and output power
Output power ✔Correct Answer-If your image is too bright decrease the ______________.
Receiver gain ✔Correct Answer-If your image is too dark increase the ____________.
,Multiple ✔Correct Answer-__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging.
Frame rate ✔Correct Answer-Multiple focal zones will decrease what?
1,2 ✔Correct Answer-a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____
to _____ cm.
1.5 ✔Correct Answer-10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus
Volume averaging ✔Correct Answer-____________ (artifact) decreases contrast resolution and
spatial resoution (both axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts.
Power Doppler ✔Correct Answer-_______ __________ is more sensitive to low velocity flow and
offers angle independence.
(1)Solid vs Cystic
(2)Inflammed vs Non-Inflammed
(3)Complicated Cyst vs Complex Cyst vs Intraductal Papilloma ✔Correct Answer-Three reasons
Doppler is useful:
(1) Low velocity scale
(2) Low filter setting
(3) Optimal Doppler gain setting
(4) Increased PRF for high velocities ✔Correct Answer-To optimize Doppler for breast imaging (4
things)
Spatial compounding ✔Correct Answer-Uses compounding technique to combine ultrsound lines
acquired from different scanning directions (angles). Improves tissue differentiation, margin
visualization, and internal architecture creating a "smoother" more realistic image.
Advantages:
-Clears cysts
-Reduces speckle and other noise artifacts (clutter)
Disadvantages
-Reduces acoustic enhancement and shadowing artifact
-Subject to blurring ✔Correct Answer-What are the advantages (2) and disadvantages (2) of
spatial compounding?
Elastography ✔Correct Answer-A diagnostic methof that evaluates the elastic properties of tissue.
Breast tissues vibrate differently based on their firmness.
Biopsies ✔Correct Answer-Breast elastography may have the potential to differentiate benign
from malignant breast tumors (BIRADS 3 from BIRADS 4 lesions) and potential reduce the number of
__________.
1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous aka Premammary Layer
3. Mammary Layer
4. Retromammary Space
5. Muscle Layers (Pectoralis major m, and Pectoralis minor m.)
, 6. Chest Wall (Ribs and Intercostal muscles) ✔Correct Answer-List the 6 anatomic layers from
anterior to posterior.
0.5 to 2mm **** ✔Correct Answer-What is the normal thickness of the skin layer?****
young, age ✔Correct Answer-The breast skin is slightly thicker in ______ females and thins with
______.
Nipple, 15-20 ✔Correct Answer-Area that consists of dense connective tissue and erectile muscle,
contains many sensory nerve endings, and has _________ collecting duct openings.
Smooth ✔Correct Answer-The areola consists of _______ muscle.
Montgomery glands. ✔Correct Answer-These sebaceous glands are found in the areola.
fat ✔Correct Answer-The premammary layer primarily consists of ________.
Posterior to the nipple. ✔Correct Answer-The premammary layer is not seen where?
Age, pregnancy, obesity. ✔Correct Answer-The amount of fat in the premammary layer increases
with ______, _______, and _______.
Cooper's ligaments. ✔Correct Answer-_________ __________ appear as prominent structures
within the subcutaneous (premammary) layer.
Superficial fascia ✔Correct Answer-The breast tissue is completely contained between the layers
of the _______ __________.
Superficial fascia ✔Correct Answer-At the breast, the _________ ___________ divides into the
superficial and deep layers.
subcutaneous (premammary), mammary ✔Correct Answer-The superficial fascia is contained
within the ____________ layer, anterior to the _________ layer.
Parenchymal or Glandular Layer ✔Correct Answer-Mammary layer is aka---
axillary Tail of Spence ✔Correct Answer-Portion of the glandular tissue that extends into the axilla
Stroma and Epithelium ✔Correct Answer-What two types of tissue is the mammary layer
composed of?
Stroma - consists of interlobular fat and connective tissue (Cooper's ligaments, loose and dense
connective tissue) ✔Correct Answer-The supportive tissue of the breast within the mammary
layer
Epithelium - Consists of acini, lobules, TDLU's, lobes, and lactiferous ducts. ✔Correct Answer-The
functional tissue within the mammary layer.
Cooper's ligaments ✔Correct Answer-These provide the architectural framework of the breast
and run between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial fascia.
Verified Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that does not correspond to the presence
or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or shadowing. ✔Correct Answer-Artifact
The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave as it travels through a material.
Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection, and scattering. ✔Correct Answer-Attenuation
A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid components. ✔Correct Answer-
Complex
A structure or medium that produces echoes. ✔Correct Answer-Echogenic
Decreased echo amplitude distal to the edge of a structure. This artifact results from refraction of the
sound beam. ✔Correct Answer-Edge Shadowing
Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying beyond an object that causes little or no
attenuation of the sound beam (typically a cystic structure). This artifact results in a brighter than
normal appearance. ✔Correct Answer-Enhancement
A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym -
non-uniform. ✔Correct Answer-Heterogeneous
Smooth uniform texture ✔Correct Answer-Homogeneous
On the same side. ✔Correct Answer-Ipsilateral
On the opposite side. ✔Correct Answer-Contrlateral
Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding tissue. ✔Correct Answer-Isoechoic
Spurious echoes throughout the image. ✔Correct Answer-Noise
The scanning and display of sonographic images at a sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures
can be seen to move at their natural rate. ***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are
considered real time*** ✔Correct Answer-Real-time
Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a strong interface. Sound "bounces" ✔Correct Answer-
Reverberation
Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle.
✔Correct Answer-Ring Down
The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when disease is present. ✔Correct Answer-Sensitivity
,The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in the body. ✔Correct Answer-Texture
Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound energy causing a shadow. ✔Correct Answer-
Refractive Edge Shadowing
Fat ✔Correct Answer-Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast.
Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin ✔Correct Answer-Hyperechoic describes what
three structures visualized in breast sonography.
7.0-15.0 MHz is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining penetration to the
chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND. ✔Correct Answer-What frequency transducer is
optimal for breast imaging?
Focusing along the short axis of the transducer. ✔Correct Answer-Fixed elevation focusing
represents....
Linear array is optimal ✔Correct Answer-What design of transducer is used in breast imaging?
Beam divergence ✔Correct Answer-The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is
the avoidance of what artifact?
Linear array ✔Correct Answer-Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a
_______ __________ probe.
Pathology too large to fit on linear image ✔Correct Answer-When is a curved array transducer
used in breast imaging?
1-D ✔Correct Answer-Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays.
Elevation ✔Correct Answer-1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis)
Short ✔Correct Answer-1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____
axis of the probe.
Elevation ✔Correct Answer-1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane.
available ✔Correct Answer-2-D array transducers are not currently _________.
3, 6 ✔Correct Answer-Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be
adequate
gain ✔Correct Answer-An echo's brightness is controlled by ______
This is ultrasound elementary. ✔Correct Answer-Know overall gain, TGC, and output power
Output power ✔Correct Answer-If your image is too bright decrease the ______________.
Receiver gain ✔Correct Answer-If your image is too dark increase the ____________.
,Multiple ✔Correct Answer-__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging.
Frame rate ✔Correct Answer-Multiple focal zones will decrease what?
1,2 ✔Correct Answer-a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____
to _____ cm.
1.5 ✔Correct Answer-10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus
Volume averaging ✔Correct Answer-____________ (artifact) decreases contrast resolution and
spatial resoution (both axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts.
Power Doppler ✔Correct Answer-_______ __________ is more sensitive to low velocity flow and
offers angle independence.
(1)Solid vs Cystic
(2)Inflammed vs Non-Inflammed
(3)Complicated Cyst vs Complex Cyst vs Intraductal Papilloma ✔Correct Answer-Three reasons
Doppler is useful:
(1) Low velocity scale
(2) Low filter setting
(3) Optimal Doppler gain setting
(4) Increased PRF for high velocities ✔Correct Answer-To optimize Doppler for breast imaging (4
things)
Spatial compounding ✔Correct Answer-Uses compounding technique to combine ultrsound lines
acquired from different scanning directions (angles). Improves tissue differentiation, margin
visualization, and internal architecture creating a "smoother" more realistic image.
Advantages:
-Clears cysts
-Reduces speckle and other noise artifacts (clutter)
Disadvantages
-Reduces acoustic enhancement and shadowing artifact
-Subject to blurring ✔Correct Answer-What are the advantages (2) and disadvantages (2) of
spatial compounding?
Elastography ✔Correct Answer-A diagnostic methof that evaluates the elastic properties of tissue.
Breast tissues vibrate differently based on their firmness.
Biopsies ✔Correct Answer-Breast elastography may have the potential to differentiate benign
from malignant breast tumors (BIRADS 3 from BIRADS 4 lesions) and potential reduce the number of
__________.
1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous aka Premammary Layer
3. Mammary Layer
4. Retromammary Space
5. Muscle Layers (Pectoralis major m, and Pectoralis minor m.)
, 6. Chest Wall (Ribs and Intercostal muscles) ✔Correct Answer-List the 6 anatomic layers from
anterior to posterior.
0.5 to 2mm **** ✔Correct Answer-What is the normal thickness of the skin layer?****
young, age ✔Correct Answer-The breast skin is slightly thicker in ______ females and thins with
______.
Nipple, 15-20 ✔Correct Answer-Area that consists of dense connective tissue and erectile muscle,
contains many sensory nerve endings, and has _________ collecting duct openings.
Smooth ✔Correct Answer-The areola consists of _______ muscle.
Montgomery glands. ✔Correct Answer-These sebaceous glands are found in the areola.
fat ✔Correct Answer-The premammary layer primarily consists of ________.
Posterior to the nipple. ✔Correct Answer-The premammary layer is not seen where?
Age, pregnancy, obesity. ✔Correct Answer-The amount of fat in the premammary layer increases
with ______, _______, and _______.
Cooper's ligaments. ✔Correct Answer-_________ __________ appear as prominent structures
within the subcutaneous (premammary) layer.
Superficial fascia ✔Correct Answer-The breast tissue is completely contained between the layers
of the _______ __________.
Superficial fascia ✔Correct Answer-At the breast, the _________ ___________ divides into the
superficial and deep layers.
subcutaneous (premammary), mammary ✔Correct Answer-The superficial fascia is contained
within the ____________ layer, anterior to the _________ layer.
Parenchymal or Glandular Layer ✔Correct Answer-Mammary layer is aka---
axillary Tail of Spence ✔Correct Answer-Portion of the glandular tissue that extends into the axilla
Stroma and Epithelium ✔Correct Answer-What two types of tissue is the mammary layer
composed of?
Stroma - consists of interlobular fat and connective tissue (Cooper's ligaments, loose and dense
connective tissue) ✔Correct Answer-The supportive tissue of the breast within the mammary
layer
Epithelium - Consists of acini, lobules, TDLU's, lobes, and lactiferous ducts. ✔Correct Answer-The
functional tissue within the mammary layer.
Cooper's ligaments ✔Correct Answer-These provide the architectural framework of the breast
and run between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial fascia.
