MCAT Practice Exam 3: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living
Systems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bqd74s
1. Based on the information in the passage, what is the Correct answer: A
most likely mechanism of inheritance for HPRCC?
A. Autosomal dominant Not X-linked recessive be-
B. Autosomal recessive cause two affected individ-
C. X-linked recessive uals have two affected off-
D. Y-linked spring
2. Which of the following pairs best illustrates the out- Correct answer: A
come of convergent evolution?
A. Dolphin and shark Convergent evolution: de-
B. Domestic sheep and mountain goat fined as a process where-
C. The polar bear and Panda bear by distantly related organ-
D. The light-colored and the dark forms of the pepperd isms independently evolve
moth similar traits to adopt
physical needs
3. Kallman Syndrome is a disease in which go- Correct answer: D
nadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons fail
to migrate from the olfactory area to the hypothala- GRH is a sex hormone that
mus during embryonic development. Which endocrine stimulates the release of
axis is disrupted in individuals with Kallman Syn- LH and FSH
drome?
A. The stress axis
B. The growth hormone axis
C. The thyroid axis
D. The reproductive axis
4. What action(s) could contribute to the positive inotrop- Correct answer: D
ic effect of digoxin on cardiac myocytes?
A. Increase availability of intracellular Ca2+ to bind to All of these would increase
troponin Ca2+ binding, which is
1/5
, MCAT Practice Exam 3: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living
Systems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bqd74s
B. Increase overall Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic necessary for muscle con-
reticulum traction
C. Decrease in Ca2+ transport to the extracellular envi-
ronment and increase availability of intracellular Ca2+
to bind to troponin
D. Decrease in Ca2+ transport to the extracellular envi-
ronment, increase Ca2+ availability to bind to troponin,
and increase overall Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
5. Primary vs secondary active transport Primary - transport directly
coupled with ATP
Secondary- ATP first used
to create a gradient and
the potential energy is
used to drive something
across membrane
6. If HDAC inhibition by βOHB is a physiological response Correct answer: A
in living animals, the information in the passage indi-
cates it is likely to occur when: The passage mentions
A. there is sustained fatty acid oxidation. prolonged fasting and
B. the pentose phosphate shunt is activated. starvation, states where
C. there is increased gluconeogenesis. fatty oxidation is needed
D. the Cori cycle is occurring. for energy
7. Which type(s) of restriction enzymes can recognize the Correct answer: D
HIF binding sequence? A restriction enzyme that has:
A. a 4-base recognition sequence This is because only CCCG-
B. a 6-base recognition sequence GG in the HIF bind-
C. an 8-base recognition sequence ing sequence is palin-
2/5
Systems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bqd74s
1. Based on the information in the passage, what is the Correct answer: A
most likely mechanism of inheritance for HPRCC?
A. Autosomal dominant Not X-linked recessive be-
B. Autosomal recessive cause two affected individ-
C. X-linked recessive uals have two affected off-
D. Y-linked spring
2. Which of the following pairs best illustrates the out- Correct answer: A
come of convergent evolution?
A. Dolphin and shark Convergent evolution: de-
B. Domestic sheep and mountain goat fined as a process where-
C. The polar bear and Panda bear by distantly related organ-
D. The light-colored and the dark forms of the pepperd isms independently evolve
moth similar traits to adopt
physical needs
3. Kallman Syndrome is a disease in which go- Correct answer: D
nadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons fail
to migrate from the olfactory area to the hypothala- GRH is a sex hormone that
mus during embryonic development. Which endocrine stimulates the release of
axis is disrupted in individuals with Kallman Syn- LH and FSH
drome?
A. The stress axis
B. The growth hormone axis
C. The thyroid axis
D. The reproductive axis
4. What action(s) could contribute to the positive inotrop- Correct answer: D
ic effect of digoxin on cardiac myocytes?
A. Increase availability of intracellular Ca2+ to bind to All of these would increase
troponin Ca2+ binding, which is
1/5
, MCAT Practice Exam 3: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living
Systems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bqd74s
B. Increase overall Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic necessary for muscle con-
reticulum traction
C. Decrease in Ca2+ transport to the extracellular envi-
ronment and increase availability of intracellular Ca2+
to bind to troponin
D. Decrease in Ca2+ transport to the extracellular envi-
ronment, increase Ca2+ availability to bind to troponin,
and increase overall Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
5. Primary vs secondary active transport Primary - transport directly
coupled with ATP
Secondary- ATP first used
to create a gradient and
the potential energy is
used to drive something
across membrane
6. If HDAC inhibition by βOHB is a physiological response Correct answer: A
in living animals, the information in the passage indi-
cates it is likely to occur when: The passage mentions
A. there is sustained fatty acid oxidation. prolonged fasting and
B. the pentose phosphate shunt is activated. starvation, states where
C. there is increased gluconeogenesis. fatty oxidation is needed
D. the Cori cycle is occurring. for energy
7. Which type(s) of restriction enzymes can recognize the Correct answer: D
HIF binding sequence? A restriction enzyme that has:
A. a 4-base recognition sequence This is because only CCCG-
B. a 6-base recognition sequence GG in the HIF bind-
C. an 8-base recognition sequence ing sequence is palin-
2/5
