Genitourinary (GU) Final Exam –
Comprehensive 280 Key Points with Questions
and Answers (Urology Review for Medical
Students and Practitioners)
Introduction:
This document provides a complete and detailed review of
genitourinary (GU) medicine for final exam preparation,
featuring 280 key questions and answers. It covers a wide range
of urologic conditions including urinary retention, incontinence,
BPH, prostate disorders, kidney stones, urinary tract infections,
genital abnormalities, bladder and renal cancers, and testicular
pathology. Each topic is presented in a concise Q&A format ideal
for rapid revision and clinical application.
It is designed for medical students, PA/NP students, and
healthcare professionals preparing for urology or GU system
exams and clinical practice assessments.
Questions and Answers:
Earliest and most sensitive exam finding in pts with acute
cauda equina syndrome? -Answer:-Acute urinary retention!
,What should ALWAYS be ordered in a patient with urinary
retention? -Answer:-*UA and cx* (to evaluate for infection)
Imaging modality for UR? -Answer:-Bedside point-of-care
ultrasound (POCUS)
When is placement of a urethral catheter C/I? -Answer:-1.
Recent urologic surgery
2. Confirmed/suspected urethral trauma
Alternative: suprapubic catheterization
True or false: Early stabilization of pelvic fractures with pelvic
binder or sheeting can reduce severe pelvic hemorrhage. -
Answer:-True!
Gold standard for pelvic fracture? -Answer:-*Multiple detector
computed tomography*
If you find 1 pelvic fracture, what must you do? -Answer:-Look
carefully for second fracture (pelvis is a ringlike structure)!
,60% of pelvic fractures are from what? -Answer:-Vehicular
trauma (cars, motorcycles, bikes)
Stress vs. urge vs. overflow vs functional incontinence? -
Answer:-*Stress*: increased intra-abdominal pressure
*Urge/OAB*: sudden desire to urinate
*Overflow*: chronic urinary retention leading to urinary
spillage s/t overdistended bladder
*Functional*: loss of urine due to deficits of cognition and/or
mobility
2 types of stress incontinence? -Answer:-1. *Anatomic* (due to
urethral hyper-mobility from lack of pelvic support)
2. *Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)*: impaired closure of
urethra s/t scarring, radiation, age
RFs for incontinence? -Answer:-*LOTS & LOTS*: Age, impaired
functional status, obesity, recurrent UTIs, pelvic
surgery/radiation, immobility, AMS, stroke, PD, fibroids,
tumors, depression, DM, MS, CHF, multi-parity/long labor,
diuretics, anticholinergic-like drugs, EtOH, caffeine,
constipation, sedatives, BPH, pelvic floor dysfunction.
, 4 key points for women presenting with urinary incontinence?
-Answer:-1. History + PE + identify type (3IQ)
2. Bladder diary x 3 days + lifestyle changes
3. Stress/mixed: trial of pelvic floor muscle training x 3
months (1st line)
4. Urgency: bladder training (scheduled voiding) x 6 weeks
MC types of mixed incontinence? -Answer:-1) Stress w/ urge
2) Stress or urge w/ functional
Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia? -Answer:-Detrusor muscle
contracts while urethral sphincter contracts (i.e., loss of
neural coordination s/t spinal cord lesion)
Before evaluating incontinence, what transient causes should
you address FIRST? -Answer:-*D*elirium
*I*nfection
*A*trophic urethritis or vaginitis
*P*sych
*P*harm
*E*xcess urinary output
*R*estricted mobility
Comprehensive 280 Key Points with Questions
and Answers (Urology Review for Medical
Students and Practitioners)
Introduction:
This document provides a complete and detailed review of
genitourinary (GU) medicine for final exam preparation,
featuring 280 key questions and answers. It covers a wide range
of urologic conditions including urinary retention, incontinence,
BPH, prostate disorders, kidney stones, urinary tract infections,
genital abnormalities, bladder and renal cancers, and testicular
pathology. Each topic is presented in a concise Q&A format ideal
for rapid revision and clinical application.
It is designed for medical students, PA/NP students, and
healthcare professionals preparing for urology or GU system
exams and clinical practice assessments.
Questions and Answers:
Earliest and most sensitive exam finding in pts with acute
cauda equina syndrome? -Answer:-Acute urinary retention!
,What should ALWAYS be ordered in a patient with urinary
retention? -Answer:-*UA and cx* (to evaluate for infection)
Imaging modality for UR? -Answer:-Bedside point-of-care
ultrasound (POCUS)
When is placement of a urethral catheter C/I? -Answer:-1.
Recent urologic surgery
2. Confirmed/suspected urethral trauma
Alternative: suprapubic catheterization
True or false: Early stabilization of pelvic fractures with pelvic
binder or sheeting can reduce severe pelvic hemorrhage. -
Answer:-True!
Gold standard for pelvic fracture? -Answer:-*Multiple detector
computed tomography*
If you find 1 pelvic fracture, what must you do? -Answer:-Look
carefully for second fracture (pelvis is a ringlike structure)!
,60% of pelvic fractures are from what? -Answer:-Vehicular
trauma (cars, motorcycles, bikes)
Stress vs. urge vs. overflow vs functional incontinence? -
Answer:-*Stress*: increased intra-abdominal pressure
*Urge/OAB*: sudden desire to urinate
*Overflow*: chronic urinary retention leading to urinary
spillage s/t overdistended bladder
*Functional*: loss of urine due to deficits of cognition and/or
mobility
2 types of stress incontinence? -Answer:-1. *Anatomic* (due to
urethral hyper-mobility from lack of pelvic support)
2. *Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)*: impaired closure of
urethra s/t scarring, radiation, age
RFs for incontinence? -Answer:-*LOTS & LOTS*: Age, impaired
functional status, obesity, recurrent UTIs, pelvic
surgery/radiation, immobility, AMS, stroke, PD, fibroids,
tumors, depression, DM, MS, CHF, multi-parity/long labor,
diuretics, anticholinergic-like drugs, EtOH, caffeine,
constipation, sedatives, BPH, pelvic floor dysfunction.
, 4 key points for women presenting with urinary incontinence?
-Answer:-1. History + PE + identify type (3IQ)
2. Bladder diary x 3 days + lifestyle changes
3. Stress/mixed: trial of pelvic floor muscle training x 3
months (1st line)
4. Urgency: bladder training (scheduled voiding) x 6 weeks
MC types of mixed incontinence? -Answer:-1) Stress w/ urge
2) Stress or urge w/ functional
Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia? -Answer:-Detrusor muscle
contracts while urethral sphincter contracts (i.e., loss of
neural coordination s/t spinal cord lesion)
Before evaluating incontinence, what transient causes should
you address FIRST? -Answer:-*D*elirium
*I*nfection
*A*trophic urethritis or vaginitis
*P*sych
*P*harm
*E*xcess urinary output
*R*estricted mobility
