HESI A2: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Exam
Questions and answers
Truculent - ✅✅Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant
xpl: His days of TRUCULENT defiance were over
*Sagittal Section* - ✅✅MEDIAN PLANE
*Frontal Section* - ✅✅CORONAL PLANE
*Cross-Section* - ✅✅TRANSVERSE PLANE
*What is the anatomic position?* - ✅✅The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is held high,
and the palms of the hands are facing forward
*Superior is* - ✅✅ABOVE
*Inferior is* - ✅✅BELOW
*Anterior is* - ✅✅FACING FORWARD
*Posterior is* - ✅✅TOWARD THE BACK
*Medial is* - ✅✅TOWARD THE MIDLINE
*Lateral is* - ✅✅AWAY from the MIDLINE
,*Proximal is* - ✅✅CLOSER to the point of attachment
*Distal is* - ✅✅FURTHER away from the point of attachment
Dorsal Body cavity includes what? - ✅✅Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Ventral Body cavity includes what? - ✅✅The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic
cavities
*Histology is the study of what?* - ✅✅TISSUES!
A Tissue is a? - ✅✅Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? - ✅✅Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Epithelial Cells do what? - ✅✅Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
Connective Tissue is the framework of? - ✅✅The body, providing support and structure for the
organs
Nerve Tissue is composed of? - ✅✅Neurons and connective tissue cells
*What is a neuroglia?* - ✅✅A connective tissue nerve cells
Muscle tissue have the ability to? - ✅✅Contract or shorten
,Muscle tissue is classified as? - ✅✅Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
What muscles are voluntary? - ✅✅Skeletal Muscles
What muscles are involuntary? - ✅✅Smooth Muscles
*What is the basic unit of life?* - ✅✅A CELL!
*Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* - ✅✅A CELL!
What does a nucleus contain? - ✅✅Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
What is the job of a ribosome? - ✅✅Synthesizes proteins
What do proteins include? - ✅✅Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body
*What is MITOSIS necessary for?* - ✅✅Growth and repair
*What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* - ✅✅The DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly
to two daughter cells
*MEIOSIS is specializes in?* - ✅✅Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which is the ovaries
and the testes
*What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* - ✅✅The chromosome number is reduced from 46
to 23
*When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of
chromosomes, this process takes place where?* - ✅✅MEIOSIS!
, What is the largest organ of the body? - ✅✅THE SKIN!
What are the two layers of the skin? - ✅✅EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
*The EPIDERMIS is the* - ✅✅Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells
*The DERMIS is the* - ✅✅Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings,
and the associated skin structures
Where does the DERMIS rest? - ✅✅On the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the
superficial muscles
What are the layers of the EPIDERMIS from the OUTER layer to the INNER layer - ✅✅Stratum
Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Stratum Germinativum consists of what? - ✅✅The Stratum Spinosum and the Stratum Basale
MITOSIS occurs in what layer of the skin? - ✅✅The innermost layer, which is the Stratum
Germinativum
Epidermal cells contain a protein pigment called? - ✅✅MELANIN!
Melanin protects against what? - ✅✅Radiation from the sun
Questions and answers
Truculent - ✅✅Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant
xpl: His days of TRUCULENT defiance were over
*Sagittal Section* - ✅✅MEDIAN PLANE
*Frontal Section* - ✅✅CORONAL PLANE
*Cross-Section* - ✅✅TRANSVERSE PLANE
*What is the anatomic position?* - ✅✅The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is held high,
and the palms of the hands are facing forward
*Superior is* - ✅✅ABOVE
*Inferior is* - ✅✅BELOW
*Anterior is* - ✅✅FACING FORWARD
*Posterior is* - ✅✅TOWARD THE BACK
*Medial is* - ✅✅TOWARD THE MIDLINE
*Lateral is* - ✅✅AWAY from the MIDLINE
,*Proximal is* - ✅✅CLOSER to the point of attachment
*Distal is* - ✅✅FURTHER away from the point of attachment
Dorsal Body cavity includes what? - ✅✅Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Ventral Body cavity includes what? - ✅✅The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic
cavities
*Histology is the study of what?* - ✅✅TISSUES!
A Tissue is a? - ✅✅Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? - ✅✅Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Epithelial Cells do what? - ✅✅Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
Connective Tissue is the framework of? - ✅✅The body, providing support and structure for the
organs
Nerve Tissue is composed of? - ✅✅Neurons and connective tissue cells
*What is a neuroglia?* - ✅✅A connective tissue nerve cells
Muscle tissue have the ability to? - ✅✅Contract or shorten
,Muscle tissue is classified as? - ✅✅Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
What muscles are voluntary? - ✅✅Skeletal Muscles
What muscles are involuntary? - ✅✅Smooth Muscles
*What is the basic unit of life?* - ✅✅A CELL!
*Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* - ✅✅A CELL!
What does a nucleus contain? - ✅✅Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
What is the job of a ribosome? - ✅✅Synthesizes proteins
What do proteins include? - ✅✅Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body
*What is MITOSIS necessary for?* - ✅✅Growth and repair
*What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* - ✅✅The DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly
to two daughter cells
*MEIOSIS is specializes in?* - ✅✅Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which is the ovaries
and the testes
*What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* - ✅✅The chromosome number is reduced from 46
to 23
*When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of
chromosomes, this process takes place where?* - ✅✅MEIOSIS!
, What is the largest organ of the body? - ✅✅THE SKIN!
What are the two layers of the skin? - ✅✅EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
*The EPIDERMIS is the* - ✅✅Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells
*The DERMIS is the* - ✅✅Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings,
and the associated skin structures
Where does the DERMIS rest? - ✅✅On the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the
superficial muscles
What are the layers of the EPIDERMIS from the OUTER layer to the INNER layer - ✅✅Stratum
Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Stratum Germinativum consists of what? - ✅✅The Stratum Spinosum and the Stratum Basale
MITOSIS occurs in what layer of the skin? - ✅✅The innermost layer, which is the Stratum
Germinativum
Epidermal cells contain a protein pigment called? - ✅✅MELANIN!
Melanin protects against what? - ✅✅Radiation from the sun
