Hesi A2 Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions
and answers
Tricuspid valve - ✅✅the valve responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium
Phrenic nerve - ✅✅one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the
thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
Superior vena cava - ✅✅returns blood to the heart, draining the head, neck and upper torso
Which two bones make up the lower leg structure? - ✅✅Fibula & tibia
Limbic System - ✅✅controls basic emotions and drives
Latissimus dorsi - ✅✅Muscle responsible for the adduction of the shoulder.
scapula - ✅✅Shoulder blade also categorized as a flat bone (A flat bone is defined as a bone that
provides muscular attachment and also serves to protect the body's vital organs or sensitive areas.)
Section of the human spine that contains 5 vertebrae - ✅✅Lumbar, the lower region of the back,
numbered L1-L5
The following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the human body - ✅✅the decrease in the
amount of estrogen produced
Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)? - ✅✅Fats also known as lipids are
broken down using lipase produced by the pancreas and bile produced by the liver but transferred to
the small intestine through the bile duct.
The opening in the skull that is superior to the atlas is known as the? - ✅✅Foramen Magnum
, The engulfing of large particles into the cell is referred to as? - ✅✅Phagocytosis
Amylase - ✅✅This enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Saltatory conduction - ✅✅Electrical impulses called "action potentials" move along the axon of a
neuron
Which sequence outlines the correct flow of blood through the heart? - ✅✅Blood enters the heart on
the right side, collecting in the right atrium. After moving through the right ventricle, blood leaves the
heart through the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.
The blood returns to the left side of the heart, through the pulmonary vein, going to the left atrium,
then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Lastly, the blood leaves the heart through the aorta.
The autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis is characterized by the degradation of what? - ✅✅Myelin
Sheath, Multiple sclerosis targets the myelin sheath along the axon. The myelin sheath is degraded
leading to slower neuron impulses as the action potential is unable to jump between the Nodes of
Ranvier.
In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first? - ✅✅Calcium ions
must bind to troponin molecules.
What area(s) of the brain are the most affected if a person is unable to understand written or verbal
speech? - ✅✅Weirnecke's area, the site for language comprehension
What area of the eye has the most acute vision and is comprised only of cones? - ✅✅Fovea centralis
primary function of melatonin? - ✅✅To regulate sleep/wake cycles
What type of joint is present in the elbow? - ✅✅Hinge joint
What part of the ear is involved in hearing? - ✅✅cochlea
and answers
Tricuspid valve - ✅✅the valve responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right
ventricle to the right atrium
Phrenic nerve - ✅✅one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the
thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
Superior vena cava - ✅✅returns blood to the heart, draining the head, neck and upper torso
Which two bones make up the lower leg structure? - ✅✅Fibula & tibia
Limbic System - ✅✅controls basic emotions and drives
Latissimus dorsi - ✅✅Muscle responsible for the adduction of the shoulder.
scapula - ✅✅Shoulder blade also categorized as a flat bone (A flat bone is defined as a bone that
provides muscular attachment and also serves to protect the body's vital organs or sensitive areas.)
Section of the human spine that contains 5 vertebrae - ✅✅Lumbar, the lower region of the back,
numbered L1-L5
The following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the human body - ✅✅the decrease in the
amount of estrogen produced
Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)? - ✅✅Fats also known as lipids are
broken down using lipase produced by the pancreas and bile produced by the liver but transferred to
the small intestine through the bile duct.
The opening in the skull that is superior to the atlas is known as the? - ✅✅Foramen Magnum
, The engulfing of large particles into the cell is referred to as? - ✅✅Phagocytosis
Amylase - ✅✅This enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Saltatory conduction - ✅✅Electrical impulses called "action potentials" move along the axon of a
neuron
Which sequence outlines the correct flow of blood through the heart? - ✅✅Blood enters the heart on
the right side, collecting in the right atrium. After moving through the right ventricle, blood leaves the
heart through the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.
The blood returns to the left side of the heart, through the pulmonary vein, going to the left atrium,
then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Lastly, the blood leaves the heart through the aorta.
The autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis is characterized by the degradation of what? - ✅✅Myelin
Sheath, Multiple sclerosis targets the myelin sheath along the axon. The myelin sheath is degraded
leading to slower neuron impulses as the action potential is unable to jump between the Nodes of
Ranvier.
In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first? - ✅✅Calcium ions
must bind to troponin molecules.
What area(s) of the brain are the most affected if a person is unable to understand written or verbal
speech? - ✅✅Weirnecke's area, the site for language comprehension
What area of the eye has the most acute vision and is comprised only of cones? - ✅✅Fovea centralis
primary function of melatonin? - ✅✅To regulate sleep/wake cycles
What type of joint is present in the elbow? - ✅✅Hinge joint
What part of the ear is involved in hearing? - ✅✅cochlea
