LES 305 Exam 1 Clark questions with answers

LES 305 Exam 1 Clark questions with
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answers


Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Manner by which one lives one's
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life according to a standard of right or wrong behavior
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- In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how
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one would like them to think and behave towards others
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Factors That Influence Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- One's
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upbringing
- One's religion
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- One's social traditions and beliefs
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- Society: Structured community of people bound together by
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similar traditions and customs
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Understanding Right and Wrong - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Moral |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Standards: Principles by which judgments are made about good
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and bad behavior based on:
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1. Religious Beliefs
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2. Cultural Beliefs
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- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that
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characterize a group of individuals |\ |\ |\ |\




3) Philosophical Beliefs
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Source of Beliefs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Family and friends
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Ethnic Background |\

,Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors |\ |\ |\ |\




Morality: Collection of influences built over a person's life
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** Sources add up to morality
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How Should One Live? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Standards of
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ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis from everyone around
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- Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or
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experience of human existence |\ |\ |\ |\




- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by which one aims
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to live one's life
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- Value System: Set of personal principles formalized into a code
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of behavior|\




Intrinsic Value - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Quality by which a value
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is a good thing in itself -> Pursued for its own sake, whether
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anything comes from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness, health,
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self-respect)


Instrumental Value - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Quality by which the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


pursuit of one's value is a good way to reach another value (Ex:
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money is valued for what it can buy rather than for itself)
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,Value Conflicts - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Impact of a value
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system on individuals is how much their daily lives are influenced
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by those values
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- Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's
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value system in direct conflict with an action
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- Personal Value System: Specific choices and responses to a
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situation by an individual |\ |\ |\




The Golden Rule - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Do unto others as
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you would have them do unto you
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- Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would
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follow the same principles as one would do
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Ethical Theories - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Virtue Ethics,
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Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics |\ |\




Virtue Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Living one's life
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according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal
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- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis on different
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virtues


Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Ethical choices that offer |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the greatest good for the greatest number of people
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- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
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Universal Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Actions that are taken
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out of duty and obligation to a purely moral idea rather than
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, based on the needs of the situation (Universal principles are seen
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to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time)
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- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater
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good


Ethical Relativism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Traditions of one's
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society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the
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present moment define one's ethical principles
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|\ - Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black and
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|\ white rules |\ |\




- Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical majority in the
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community or society |\ |\




Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Situations where
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there are no obvious right or wrong decisions, but rather a right
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or right answer|\ |\ |\




- Occurs when the decision one must make requires one to make
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a right choice knowing full well that one is: leaving an equally
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right choice undone or likely to suffer something bad as a result
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of that choice |\ |\ |\




- Contracting a personal ethical principle in making that choice
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- Abandoning an ethical value of one's community or society in
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making that choice |\ |\




Resolving Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Sleep Test |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Ethics
- 3 Step Process for Solving Ethical Problems
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- Arthur Dobrin's Questions
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