HESI A2 Biology / Advanced HESI A2 Biology Actual
Exam with Correct Answers/ Updated 2024-2025.
Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature - ANSWER - Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method - ANSWER - Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water - ANSWER - All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
Properties of Water - ANSWER - 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
pg. 1
,- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER - Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly form the backbone of
DNA and RNA.
Saturated - ANSWER - Clogs arteries. NO DOUBLE BONDS in their hydrocarbon tail. SOLID @ room
temperature.
Unsaturated - ANSWER - Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. LIQUID at room temperature.
Phospholipids - ANSWER - Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water. Hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids is
nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
Steroids - ANSWER - Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
Proteins - ANSWER - They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids. Enzymes are a type of
protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes. LARGEST Biological Molecule
Cell - ANSWER - Fundamental unit of biology
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER - NO defined nucleus and NO membrane- bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER - Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of membrane-bound organelles that
carry out the functions of the cell as directed by the genetic information contained in the nucleus.
Nucleus - ANSWER - Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
Ribosomes - ANSWER - Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the nucleus and TRANSLATE the
genetic instructions to produce PROTEINS.
pg. 2
, Bound ribosomes - ANSWER - Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes - ANSWER - Are found in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER - Attached to the nucleur membrane and consists of two continuous
parts.
Rough ER - ANSWER - Covered in RIBOSOMES and is responsible for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and membrane
production.
Smooth ER - ANSWER - NO ribosomes. It functions in the DETOXification and METABOLISM of multiple
molecules.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER - Packaging, processing and shipping. "UPS"
Lysosomes - ANSWER - Intracellular DIGESTION. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids.
Vacuoles - ANSWER - uptake food through the cell membrane by phagocytosis. Plant cells have a central
vacuole that functions as storage, waste, disposal, protection, and hydrolysis
Mitochondria - ANSWER - Found in Eukaryotic cells and are the site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration Formula - ANSWER - C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration - ANSWER - Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Chain Transport
Steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration - ANSWER - Glycolysis and Fermentation
Asexual Reproduction (Mitosis) - ANSWER - Produces 2 daughter cells. "Everything stays the same"
pg. 3
Exam with Correct Answers/ Updated 2024-2025.
Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature - ANSWER - Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method - ANSWER - Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water - ANSWER - All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
Properties of Water - ANSWER - 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
pg. 1
,- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER - Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly form the backbone of
DNA and RNA.
Saturated - ANSWER - Clogs arteries. NO DOUBLE BONDS in their hydrocarbon tail. SOLID @ room
temperature.
Unsaturated - ANSWER - Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. LIQUID at room temperature.
Phospholipids - ANSWER - Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water. Hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids is
nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
Steroids - ANSWER - Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
Proteins - ANSWER - They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids. Enzymes are a type of
protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes. LARGEST Biological Molecule
Cell - ANSWER - Fundamental unit of biology
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER - NO defined nucleus and NO membrane- bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER - Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of membrane-bound organelles that
carry out the functions of the cell as directed by the genetic information contained in the nucleus.
Nucleus - ANSWER - Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
Ribosomes - ANSWER - Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the nucleus and TRANSLATE the
genetic instructions to produce PROTEINS.
pg. 2
, Bound ribosomes - ANSWER - Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes - ANSWER - Are found in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER - Attached to the nucleur membrane and consists of two continuous
parts.
Rough ER - ANSWER - Covered in RIBOSOMES and is responsible for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and membrane
production.
Smooth ER - ANSWER - NO ribosomes. It functions in the DETOXification and METABOLISM of multiple
molecules.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER - Packaging, processing and shipping. "UPS"
Lysosomes - ANSWER - Intracellular DIGESTION. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids.
Vacuoles - ANSWER - uptake food through the cell membrane by phagocytosis. Plant cells have a central
vacuole that functions as storage, waste, disposal, protection, and hydrolysis
Mitochondria - ANSWER - Found in Eukaryotic cells and are the site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration Formula - ANSWER - C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration - ANSWER - Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Chain Transport
Steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration - ANSWER - Glycolysis and Fermentation
Asexual Reproduction (Mitosis) - ANSWER - Produces 2 daughter cells. "Everything stays the same"
pg. 3
