Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss


Ventilation Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ss




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
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the lungs is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration s s



b. Internal respiration ss



c. Spontaneous ventilation s s



d. Mechanical ventilation ss ss




ANS: C ss


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
s s ss s s s s s s s s


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s


and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
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pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
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cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s


systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body s s s s s s s s


cells s s


b. Scalenes and trapezius ss ss


muscles ss



c. Alveoli and pulmonary ss ss


capillaries ss



d. External oblique and ss ss


transverse abdominal muscles s s s s




ANS: C ss


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s


pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s


cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s


systemic blood into the cells.
s s s s s s s s s s


Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
ss s s s s s s s s s s


muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
s s ss s s s s s s s s

, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
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following?
ss



a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B ss


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
s s s s s s s s s s


drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


-10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s


answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10
s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


cm H2O.
s s s s




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 ss




4. During s s spontaneous s s inspiration s s alveolar s s pressure s s (PA) s s is s s about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
ss ss s s



b. +1cmH2Os s s



c. 0 cm H2O
ss ss



d. 5 cm H2O
ss ss




ANS: A ss


-1 cm H2O is
s s s s s s s s the lowest alveolar pressure will become
s s s s s s s s s s


during normal
s s ss s s spontaneous ventilation. During the s s s s s s


exhalation of
s s s s s s a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
ss s s s s s s s s


pressure will
s s s s s s become
+1 cm H2O.
ss ss




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
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known as which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) ss ss ss



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) s s s s



c. Transrespiratory pressure s s


(PTR) s s

, d. Transpulmonary ss ss pressure ss ss (PL)


ANS: D ss


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s


pressure (PTA
s s s s


) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s


pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
s s ss s s s s s s s s


the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs and
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


the chest wall at the same time.
s s s s s s s s ss ss ss




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 ss




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
s s s s s s s s s s s s


resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s


proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
s s s s s s s s s s ss ss



a. 7 cm H2O ss ss



b. 30 cm H2O ss ss



c. 40 cm H2O ss ss



d. 175 cm H2O ss ss




ANS: B ss


The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s


pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s


mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
s s ss s s s s s s s s s s ss s s




DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 ss




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss s s


return to its original form after being stretched or acted
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on by an outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance ss



d. Distending pressure ss