WOCN UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
onychorrhexis - ✔✔narrow parallel grooves from the nail base to free nail border
transverse lines (Beau's Lines) - ✔✔usually caused by systemic disease resulting in
temporary interruption of nail production
onychoschizia - ✔✔splitting of the nail plate into layers. Distal splitting usually relate to
overhydration, aging, exposure to chemicals
clubbing - ✔✔excess curvature of nail from front to back and side to side usually due to
chronic hypoxiz
koilonychia - ✔✔spoon-shaped nails (nail is adherent to nail bed but the free edges of the
nail curl up and away from the nail bed
trumpet or pincer nail - ✔✔disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around and
compress the underlying skin to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the free edge
tile-shaped nails or c-shaped nails - ✔✔nails that curve down at edges, usually
symmetrical. severe c-shaped nails increase the risk of ingrown nails
plicatured nails - ✔✔one or both sides of the nail curve downward into the soft tissue of
the surrounding nail folds, resulting in ingrown nails
pterygium - ✔✔abnormal adherence of eponychium or hyponychium to nail
callous of hyponychium - ✔✔callus formation that obscures the free nail border, usually
due to poorly fitting footwear causing repetitive friction
,splinter hemorrhages - ✔✔bleeding that occurs between the nail bed and the nail plate as
a result of trauma to the wound bed. No treatment is required; it will grow out
subungual hematoma - ✔✔clot that forms between the nail bed and the nail plate due to
trauma. May cause severe pain, which is relieved by drainage of the hematoma
onychomadesis - ✔✔separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail matrix at the
proximal end of the nail. usually due to local injury or infection or to severe illness.
onycholysis - ✔✔separation of the nail from the nail bed beginning at the distal end of
the nail. may be caused by shoe trauma and most likely to be caused by fungal infection
onychomycosis (tinea unguium) - ✔✔fungal infection of the nail; usually begins along
the nail margins and under the free border.
leukonychia mycotica - ✔✔fungal infection of the superficial nail plate; usually causes
white discoloration of the nail
fungal infection treatment - ✔✔Vicks Vaporub or other menthol product, Clear Nails,
Tea Tree Oil, or Fungoid Tincture
paronychia - ✔✔inflammation of the nail fold from trauma such as ingrown nails. Acute
causes purulent drainage and chronic has no purulence.
onychocryptosis - ✔✔ingrown nail
subungual keratoma - ✔✔ buildup of calloused tissue under the nail plate, most
commonly due to shoes that fit poorly but also seen with thickened nails and ingrown
nails. Must remove the callus with scalpel to relieve the pressure.
,subungual melanoma - ✔✔malignancy involving the nail. may present as a brown or
black band or spot in the nail itself or spreading from under the nail to the surrounding
skin
calcaneus - ✔✔heel bone
distal interphalangeal joint - ✔✔joint between middle and distal phalanges
eponychium - ✔✔Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix
area (cuticle)
free nail border - ✔✔top edge of nail plate where it separates from the nail bed
Hyponychium - ✔✔border between distal nail place and the underlying nail bed
malleolus - ✔✔the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
Metatarsals - ✔✔foot bones
metatarsophalangeal joint - ✔✔articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the
proximal phalanx bone of a toe
nail bed - ✔✔layer of epithelium that interlocks with nail plate to promote tight
adherence between nail bed and overlying nail plate
nail folds - ✔✔Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
Nail grooves - ✔✔Slits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
, nail matrix - ✔✔reproductive area of nail which extends 8mm proximal to cuticle to distal
edge of the lunula. the nail bed begins where the nail matrix ends
lunula - ✔✔The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail.
nail plate - ✔✔overlapping layers of keratinized cells; contains 3 layers
paronychium - ✔✔soft tissue surrounding the nail border
phalanges - ✔✔bones of the fingers and toes
proximal interphalangeal joint - ✔✔Joint between the two most proximal phalanges
ray - ✔✔phalange plus the foot bone to which it attaches
Talus - ✔✔ankle bone
corn - ✔✔hyperkeratotcs lesions typically found on toes, composed of rotective layers of
dead skin cells that are compacted by repeated friction and pressure
callus - ✔✔hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on plantar surface of foot, caused by
repeated friction and pressure
Charcot's neuroarthropathy - ✔✔serious condition resulting from breakdown of the foot
and ankle bones and joints and results in loss of normal foot architecture , "rocker
bottom"
fissure - ✔✔a linear crack in the skin
VERIFIED ANSWERS
onychorrhexis - ✔✔narrow parallel grooves from the nail base to free nail border
transverse lines (Beau's Lines) - ✔✔usually caused by systemic disease resulting in
temporary interruption of nail production
onychoschizia - ✔✔splitting of the nail plate into layers. Distal splitting usually relate to
overhydration, aging, exposure to chemicals
clubbing - ✔✔excess curvature of nail from front to back and side to side usually due to
chronic hypoxiz
koilonychia - ✔✔spoon-shaped nails (nail is adherent to nail bed but the free edges of the
nail curl up and away from the nail bed
trumpet or pincer nail - ✔✔disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around and
compress the underlying skin to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the free edge
tile-shaped nails or c-shaped nails - ✔✔nails that curve down at edges, usually
symmetrical. severe c-shaped nails increase the risk of ingrown nails
plicatured nails - ✔✔one or both sides of the nail curve downward into the soft tissue of
the surrounding nail folds, resulting in ingrown nails
pterygium - ✔✔abnormal adherence of eponychium or hyponychium to nail
callous of hyponychium - ✔✔callus formation that obscures the free nail border, usually
due to poorly fitting footwear causing repetitive friction
,splinter hemorrhages - ✔✔bleeding that occurs between the nail bed and the nail plate as
a result of trauma to the wound bed. No treatment is required; it will grow out
subungual hematoma - ✔✔clot that forms between the nail bed and the nail plate due to
trauma. May cause severe pain, which is relieved by drainage of the hematoma
onychomadesis - ✔✔separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail matrix at the
proximal end of the nail. usually due to local injury or infection or to severe illness.
onycholysis - ✔✔separation of the nail from the nail bed beginning at the distal end of
the nail. may be caused by shoe trauma and most likely to be caused by fungal infection
onychomycosis (tinea unguium) - ✔✔fungal infection of the nail; usually begins along
the nail margins and under the free border.
leukonychia mycotica - ✔✔fungal infection of the superficial nail plate; usually causes
white discoloration of the nail
fungal infection treatment - ✔✔Vicks Vaporub or other menthol product, Clear Nails,
Tea Tree Oil, or Fungoid Tincture
paronychia - ✔✔inflammation of the nail fold from trauma such as ingrown nails. Acute
causes purulent drainage and chronic has no purulence.
onychocryptosis - ✔✔ingrown nail
subungual keratoma - ✔✔ buildup of calloused tissue under the nail plate, most
commonly due to shoes that fit poorly but also seen with thickened nails and ingrown
nails. Must remove the callus with scalpel to relieve the pressure.
,subungual melanoma - ✔✔malignancy involving the nail. may present as a brown or
black band or spot in the nail itself or spreading from under the nail to the surrounding
skin
calcaneus - ✔✔heel bone
distal interphalangeal joint - ✔✔joint between middle and distal phalanges
eponychium - ✔✔Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix
area (cuticle)
free nail border - ✔✔top edge of nail plate where it separates from the nail bed
Hyponychium - ✔✔border between distal nail place and the underlying nail bed
malleolus - ✔✔the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
Metatarsals - ✔✔foot bones
metatarsophalangeal joint - ✔✔articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the
proximal phalanx bone of a toe
nail bed - ✔✔layer of epithelium that interlocks with nail plate to promote tight
adherence between nail bed and overlying nail plate
nail folds - ✔✔Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
Nail grooves - ✔✔Slits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
, nail matrix - ✔✔reproductive area of nail which extends 8mm proximal to cuticle to distal
edge of the lunula. the nail bed begins where the nail matrix ends
lunula - ✔✔The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail.
nail plate - ✔✔overlapping layers of keratinized cells; contains 3 layers
paronychium - ✔✔soft tissue surrounding the nail border
phalanges - ✔✔bones of the fingers and toes
proximal interphalangeal joint - ✔✔Joint between the two most proximal phalanges
ray - ✔✔phalange plus the foot bone to which it attaches
Talus - ✔✔ankle bone
corn - ✔✔hyperkeratotcs lesions typically found on toes, composed of rotective layers of
dead skin cells that are compacted by repeated friction and pressure
callus - ✔✔hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on plantar surface of foot, caused by
repeated friction and pressure
Charcot's neuroarthropathy - ✔✔serious condition resulting from breakdown of the foot
and ankle bones and joints and results in loss of normal foot architecture , "rocker
bottom"
fissure - ✔✔a linear crack in the skin
