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Test Bank for Pediatric Nursing: A Case-Based Approach, 2nd Edition,
by Gannon Tagher & Lisa Knapp
All Chapters (1-34)| Expert Verified Answers| Graded A+
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Chapter 1: Bronchiolitis
1. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?
a. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed.
b. Administer antibiotics as ordered.
c. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic.
d. Give cool, humidified oxygen.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible fluid loss from
tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with the head and chest elevated at a 30- to 40-degree
angle and the neck slightly extended to maintain an open airway and decrease pressure on the
diaphragm.
The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral. Antibiotics are given only if there is a secondary bacterial
infection. Tachypnea increases insensible fluid loss. If the infant is tachypneic, fluids are given
parenterally to prevent dehydration.
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires what type of isolation?
a. Reverse isolation
b. Airborne isolation
c. Contact Precautions
d. Standard Precautions
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and hand washing,
Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns when entering the room.
Care is taken not to touch their own eyes or mucous membranes with a contaminated gloved hand.
Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse
isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant. With RSV, other children need to be
protected from exposure to the virus. The virus is not airborne.
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration.
This suggests what condition?
a. Asthma
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b. Pneumonia
c. Bronchiolitis
d. Foreign body in trachea
CORRECT ANSWER: A
Asthma may have these chronic signs and symptoms. Pneumonia appears with an acute onset,
fever, and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
Foreign body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure and maybe stridor.
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute bronchiolitis due to
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
a. Activity Intolerance
b. Decreased Cardiac Output
c. Pain, Acute
d. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral) ANS. A
Rationale 1: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 2: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 3: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 4: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Global Rationale: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen
supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain
is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by
this respiratory disease process.
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Chapter 2: Asthma
1. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which assessment finding
suggests that the childs condition is worsening?
a. Hypoventilation
b. Thirst
c. Bradycardia
d. Clubbing
CORRECT ANSWER: A
The nurse would assess the child for signs of hypoxia, including restlessness, fatigue, irritability,
and increased heart and respiratory rate. As the child tires from the increased work of breathing
hypoventilation occurs leading to increased carbon dioxide levels. The nurse would be alert for
signs of hypoxia. Thirst would reflect the childs hydration status. Bradycardia is not a sign of
hypoxia; tachycardia is. Clubbing develops over a period of months in response to hypoxia. The
presence of clubbing does not indicate the childs condition is worsening.
2. Which finding is expected when assessing a child hospitalized for asthma?
a. Inspiratory stridor
b. Harsh, barky cough
c. Wheezing
d. Rhinorrhea
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Wheezing is a classic manifestation of asthma. Inspiratory stridor is a clinical manifestation of
croup. A harsh, barky cough is characteristic of croup. Rhinorrhea is not associated with asthma.
3. A child has had cold symptoms for more than 2 weeks, a headache, nasal congestion with
purulent nasal drainage, facial tenderness, and a cough that increases during sleep. The nurse
recognizes these symptoms are characteristic of which respiratory condition?
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Bronchitis
c. Asthma
d. Sinusitis
CORRECT ANSWER: D
4|Page
Test Bank for Pediatric Nursing: A Case-Based Approach, 2nd Edition,
by Gannon Tagher & Lisa Knapp
All Chapters (1-34)| Expert Verified Answers| Graded A+
1|Page
,TESTBANKS BY TESTBANKSNERD
Chapter 1: Bronchiolitis
1. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?
a. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed.
b. Administer antibiotics as ordered.
c. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic.
d. Give cool, humidified oxygen.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible fluid loss from
tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with the head and chest elevated at a 30- to 40-degree
angle and the neck slightly extended to maintain an open airway and decrease pressure on the
diaphragm.
The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral. Antibiotics are given only if there is a secondary bacterial
infection. Tachypnea increases insensible fluid loss. If the infant is tachypneic, fluids are given
parenterally to prevent dehydration.
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires what type of isolation?
a. Reverse isolation
b. Airborne isolation
c. Contact Precautions
d. Standard Precautions
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and hand washing,
Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns when entering the room.
Care is taken not to touch their own eyes or mucous membranes with a contaminated gloved hand.
Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse
isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant. With RSV, other children need to be
protected from exposure to the virus. The virus is not airborne.
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration.
This suggests what condition?
a. Asthma
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b. Pneumonia
c. Bronchiolitis
d. Foreign body in trachea
CORRECT ANSWER: A
Asthma may have these chronic signs and symptoms. Pneumonia appears with an acute onset,
fever, and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
Foreign body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure and maybe stridor.
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute bronchiolitis due to
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
a. Activity Intolerance
b. Decreased Cardiac Output
c. Pain, Acute
d. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral) ANS. A
Rationale 1: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 2: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 3: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Rationale 4: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and
demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not
usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this
respiratory disease process.
Global Rationale: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen
supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain
is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by
this respiratory disease process.
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Chapter 2: Asthma
1. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which assessment finding
suggests that the childs condition is worsening?
a. Hypoventilation
b. Thirst
c. Bradycardia
d. Clubbing
CORRECT ANSWER: A
The nurse would assess the child for signs of hypoxia, including restlessness, fatigue, irritability,
and increased heart and respiratory rate. As the child tires from the increased work of breathing
hypoventilation occurs leading to increased carbon dioxide levels. The nurse would be alert for
signs of hypoxia. Thirst would reflect the childs hydration status. Bradycardia is not a sign of
hypoxia; tachycardia is. Clubbing develops over a period of months in response to hypoxia. The
presence of clubbing does not indicate the childs condition is worsening.
2. Which finding is expected when assessing a child hospitalized for asthma?
a. Inspiratory stridor
b. Harsh, barky cough
c. Wheezing
d. Rhinorrhea
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Wheezing is a classic manifestation of asthma. Inspiratory stridor is a clinical manifestation of
croup. A harsh, barky cough is characteristic of croup. Rhinorrhea is not associated with asthma.
3. A child has had cold symptoms for more than 2 weeks, a headache, nasal congestion with
purulent nasal drainage, facial tenderness, and a cough that increases during sleep. The nurse
recognizes these symptoms are characteristic of which respiratory condition?
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Bronchitis
c. Asthma
d. Sinusitis
CORRECT ANSWER: D
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