BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU HYND EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
basilar membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS in cochlea, vibrates differently for different
frequencies. When it vibrates, it affects the hair cells which then send messages. High
frequency= vibrate near base. Low frequency = vibrate near apex
order of hearing - CORRECT ANSWERS sound waves to tympanic membrane to ossicles
to oval window to perilymph to basilar membrane to receptive hair cells to specific hair cells to
neural signals to auditory cortex in temporal brain
hair cells - CORRECT ANSWERS depending on direction, depolarize or hyperpolarize,
sending neurotransmissions or not
conductive deafness - CORRECT ANSWERS extrenal/middle ear issues
sensorineural deafness - CORRECT ANSWERS hair cells/neural pathways (prolonged
sound exposure)
branches of peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS autonomic
(sympathetic/parasympathetic) and somatic
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS involuntary, cardiac/smooth m, 2
neurons. ACh and Epi/NE control effector organ response
sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS Thoracolumbar. Fight, flight, or
fright (stress).
Short preganglionic neuron that releases ACh. Long postganglionic neuron that releases epi/NE.
parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS craniosacral. Rest and digest.
Long preganglionic neuron that releases ACh. Short postganglionic neuron that releases ACh.
,BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU HYND EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
adrenal gland - CORRECT ANSWERS sympathetic, on top of kidneys. Secrete hormones,
no postganglionic neurons.
nicotinic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on
postganglionic fiber. Binds with ACl from preganglionic in both sympathetic and
parasympathetic.
Muscarinic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on effector
organ. Binds with ACh from parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Adrenergic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on effector
organs. Binds with epi/NE from sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Alpha= contracts smooth
muscles. Beta 1= excites heart tissue. Beta 2= relaxes smooth muscles
Somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS One neuron. Releases ACh which binds
to effector muscle (kind of, through NMJ). Comes from ventral horn in spinal cord.
Neuromuscular junction - CORRECT ANSWERS ACh released, binds to nicotinic receptor
(for somatic nervous system) on motor end plate. Causes motor end plate potential, which is a
graded potential, which leads to a full action potential. Cleft is too large, neuron cannot get
close enough to contractile elements in muscle
NMJ location - CORRECT ANSWERS Middle of muscle fiber
NMJ action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS end plate potential spreads out both sides,
enables a full action potential to occur, contracting the muscle
, BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU HYND EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
botox - CORRECT ANSWERS paralyzes muscle by not allowing ACh release by
postganglionic somatic neurons
acetylcholinesterase - CORRECT ANSWERS splits ACh to acetic acid and choline which
stop the ACh from binding with the muscle receptors. Choline is recycled, acetic acid is trashed
skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS striated, voluntary
smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS unstriated, involuntary, single nucleus
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS striated, involuntary
muscle fiber - CORRECT ANSWERS muscle cells that are made from the fusion of many
myoblasts during embryonic stage. multiple nuclei, extend entire length of muscle
myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWERS thick (myosin) and thin (actin) arranged in sarcomeres
sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWERS cause striation
A band - CORRECT ANSWERS stack of thick filaments
I band - CORRECT ANSWERS stack of thin filaments
H zone - CORRECT ANSWERS A band where filaments don't reach
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
basilar membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS in cochlea, vibrates differently for different
frequencies. When it vibrates, it affects the hair cells which then send messages. High
frequency= vibrate near base. Low frequency = vibrate near apex
order of hearing - CORRECT ANSWERS sound waves to tympanic membrane to ossicles
to oval window to perilymph to basilar membrane to receptive hair cells to specific hair cells to
neural signals to auditory cortex in temporal brain
hair cells - CORRECT ANSWERS depending on direction, depolarize or hyperpolarize,
sending neurotransmissions or not
conductive deafness - CORRECT ANSWERS extrenal/middle ear issues
sensorineural deafness - CORRECT ANSWERS hair cells/neural pathways (prolonged
sound exposure)
branches of peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS autonomic
(sympathetic/parasympathetic) and somatic
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS involuntary, cardiac/smooth m, 2
neurons. ACh and Epi/NE control effector organ response
sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS Thoracolumbar. Fight, flight, or
fright (stress).
Short preganglionic neuron that releases ACh. Long postganglionic neuron that releases epi/NE.
parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS craniosacral. Rest and digest.
Long preganglionic neuron that releases ACh. Short postganglionic neuron that releases ACh.
,BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU HYND EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
adrenal gland - CORRECT ANSWERS sympathetic, on top of kidneys. Secrete hormones,
no postganglionic neurons.
nicotinic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on
postganglionic fiber. Binds with ACl from preganglionic in both sympathetic and
parasympathetic.
Muscarinic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on effector
organ. Binds with ACh from parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Adrenergic (autonomic) - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurotransmitter receptor on effector
organs. Binds with epi/NE from sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Alpha= contracts smooth
muscles. Beta 1= excites heart tissue. Beta 2= relaxes smooth muscles
Somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS One neuron. Releases ACh which binds
to effector muscle (kind of, through NMJ). Comes from ventral horn in spinal cord.
Neuromuscular junction - CORRECT ANSWERS ACh released, binds to nicotinic receptor
(for somatic nervous system) on motor end plate. Causes motor end plate potential, which is a
graded potential, which leads to a full action potential. Cleft is too large, neuron cannot get
close enough to contractile elements in muscle
NMJ location - CORRECT ANSWERS Middle of muscle fiber
NMJ action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS end plate potential spreads out both sides,
enables a full action potential to occur, contracting the muscle
, BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU HYND EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION
ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR
SUCCESS
botox - CORRECT ANSWERS paralyzes muscle by not allowing ACh release by
postganglionic somatic neurons
acetylcholinesterase - CORRECT ANSWERS splits ACh to acetic acid and choline which
stop the ACh from binding with the muscle receptors. Choline is recycled, acetic acid is trashed
skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS striated, voluntary
smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS unstriated, involuntary, single nucleus
cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS striated, involuntary
muscle fiber - CORRECT ANSWERS muscle cells that are made from the fusion of many
myoblasts during embryonic stage. multiple nuclei, extend entire length of muscle
myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWERS thick (myosin) and thin (actin) arranged in sarcomeres
sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWERS cause striation
A band - CORRECT ANSWERS stack of thick filaments
I band - CORRECT ANSWERS stack of thin filaments
H zone - CORRECT ANSWERS A band where filaments don't reach
