BSN 246 HESI Review exam with |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answers |||\\\
Hypokalemia appearance on EKG - correct answer✔✔- U waves |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- inverted T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- depressed ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with heart failure experiencing
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take to plan for preparation and administration |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
of the potassium?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Select all that apply. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Monitor urine output during administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Prepare the medication for bolus administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
6. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution. -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Monitor urine output during administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
6. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Potassium chloride administered intravenously must always be diluted in IV fluid and infused
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
via an infusion pump. Potassium chloride is never given by bolus (IV push). Giving potassium
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
chloride by IV push can result in cardiac arrest. The nurse should ensure that the potassium is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
diluted in the appropriate amount of diluent or fluid. The IV bag containing the potassium
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,chloride should always be labeled with the volume of potassium it contains. The IV site is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
monitored closely, because potassium chloride is irritating to the veins and there is risk of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
phlebitis. In addition, the nurse should monitor for infiltration. The nurse monitors urinary |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output during administration and contacts the primary health care provider if the urinary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output is less than 30 mL/hr. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The nurse is assessing a client with a lactose intolerance disorder for a suspected diagnosis of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Twitching |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Hypoactive bowel sounds
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Negative Trousseau's sign
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes - correct answer✔✔1. Twitching
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
: A client with lactose intolerance is at risk for developing hypocalcemia, because food products
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
that contain calcium also contain lactose. The normal serum calcium level is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L). A serum calcium level lower than 9 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L) indicates
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia. Signs of hypocalcemia include paresthesias followed by numbness, hyperactive |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
deep tendon reflexes, and a 267 positive Trousseau's or Chvostek's sign. Additional signs of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, muscle cramps, twitching, tetany, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
seizures, irritability, and anxiety. Gastrointestinal symptoms include increased gastric motility,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
. The nurse is caring for a client with Crohn's disease who has a calcium level of 8 mg/dL (2
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram? Select all that |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
apply. |||\\\
1. U waves |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Widened T wave |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Prominent U wave
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Prolonged QT interval
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Prolonged ST segment - correct answer✔✔4. Prolonged QT interval
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Prolonged ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, A client with Crohn's disease is at risk for hypocalcemia. The normal serum calcium level is 9 to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
10.5 mg/dL (2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L). A serum calcium level lower than 9 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
indicates hypocalcemia. Electrocardiographic changes that occur in a client with hypocalcemia
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include a prolonged QT interval and prolonged ST segment. A shortened ST segment and a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
widened T wave occur with hypercalcemia. ST depression and prominent U waves occur with
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypokalemia.
The nurse reviews the electrolyte results of a client with chronic kidney disease and notes that
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L (5.7 mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the cardiac monitor as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. ST depression
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Prominent U wave
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Tall peaked T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Prolonged ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Widened QRS complexes - correct answer✔✔3. Tall peaked T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Widened QRS complexes
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The client with chronic kidney disease is at risk for hyperkalemia. The normal potassium level is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L). A serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L (5.0
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mmol/L) indicates hyperkalemia. Electrocardiographic changes associated with hyperkalemia
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include flat P waves, prolonged PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, and tall peaked T waves.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ST depression and a prominent U wave occurs in hypokalemia. A prolonged ST segment occurs
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
in hypocalcemia.
|||\\\
The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Muscle twitches
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Decreased urinary output
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answers |||\\\
Hypokalemia appearance on EKG - correct answer✔✔- U waves |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- inverted T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- depressed ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with heart failure experiencing
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take to plan for preparation and administration |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
of the potassium?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Select all that apply. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Monitor urine output during administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Prepare the medication for bolus administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
6. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution. -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔1. Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Monitor urine output during administration.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
6. Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Potassium chloride administered intravenously must always be diluted in IV fluid and infused
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
via an infusion pump. Potassium chloride is never given by bolus (IV push). Giving potassium
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
chloride by IV push can result in cardiac arrest. The nurse should ensure that the potassium is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
diluted in the appropriate amount of diluent or fluid. The IV bag containing the potassium
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,chloride should always be labeled with the volume of potassium it contains. The IV site is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
monitored closely, because potassium chloride is irritating to the veins and there is risk of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
phlebitis. In addition, the nurse should monitor for infiltration. The nurse monitors urinary |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output during administration and contacts the primary health care provider if the urinary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output is less than 30 mL/hr. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The nurse is assessing a client with a lactose intolerance disorder for a suspected diagnosis of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Twitching |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Hypoactive bowel sounds
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Negative Trousseau's sign
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes - correct answer✔✔1. Twitching
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
: A client with lactose intolerance is at risk for developing hypocalcemia, because food products
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
that contain calcium also contain lactose. The normal serum calcium level is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L). A serum calcium level lower than 9 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L) indicates
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia. Signs of hypocalcemia include paresthesias followed by numbness, hyperactive |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
deep tendon reflexes, and a 267 positive Trousseau's or Chvostek's sign. Additional signs of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, muscle cramps, twitching, tetany, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
seizures, irritability, and anxiety. Gastrointestinal symptoms include increased gastric motility,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
. The nurse is caring for a client with Crohn's disease who has a calcium level of 8 mg/dL (2
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram? Select all that |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
apply. |||\\\
1. U waves |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Widened T wave |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Prominent U wave
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Prolonged QT interval
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Prolonged ST segment - correct answer✔✔4. Prolonged QT interval
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Prolonged ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, A client with Crohn's disease is at risk for hypocalcemia. The normal serum calcium level is 9 to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
10.5 mg/dL (2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L). A serum calcium level lower than 9 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
indicates hypocalcemia. Electrocardiographic changes that occur in a client with hypocalcemia
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include a prolonged QT interval and prolonged ST segment. A shortened ST segment and a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
widened T wave occur with hypercalcemia. ST depression and prominent U waves occur with
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypokalemia.
The nurse reviews the electrolyte results of a client with chronic kidney disease and notes that
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L (5.7 mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the cardiac monitor as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. ST depression
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Prominent U wave
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Tall peaked T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
4. Prolonged ST segment
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Widened QRS complexes - correct answer✔✔3. Tall peaked T waves
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
5. Widened QRS complexes
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The client with chronic kidney disease is at risk for hyperkalemia. The normal potassium level is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L). A serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L (5.0
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mmol/L) indicates hyperkalemia. Electrocardiographic changes associated with hyperkalemia
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include flat P waves, prolonged PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, and tall peaked T waves.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
ST depression and a prominent U wave occurs in hypokalemia. A prolonged ST segment occurs
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
in hypocalcemia.
|||\\\
The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
1. Muscle twitches
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Decreased urinary output
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
