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Moral Egoism - ANSWER-The idea that it is always moral to act
in a way that promotes self-interest. Supported by the founder
of capitalism, Adam Smith, and Ayn Rand.
Utilitarianism - ANSWER-The idea that the consequences decide
the morality--if
the good consequences outweigh the bad, then the action is
right, or vice versa.
Determinism - ANSWER-The idea that thoughts, behaviors and
decisions have
to happen because of previous events and the
laws of nature.
Jeremy Bentham - ANSWER-The man who modified Epicurus's
ideas into British Utilitarianism. His ideas led to the
Philosophical Radicals, a group of social reformers, and
inspired John Stuart Mill, who wrote in favor of individual
freedom and female equality.
Carol Gilligan - ANSWER-A feminist psychologist who asserted
that men and women have different approaches to moral
decisions. Men have an ethics of justice, and focus on applying
, rules and minimizing emotions, while women have an ethics of
care, and consider responsibilities, relationships and emotions.
Both approaches are valuable to society.
Nel Noddings - ANSWER-A philosopher who studied the
ethics of care, who
asserted that studying how people care for those around
them leads to
understanding how to care for people
in society.
Passive Euthanasia - ANSWER-Intentionally withholding
medical treatment to
allow a patient to
die.
Active Euthanasia - ANSWER-Intentionally killing a patient by
lethal injection,
smothering or some other
method.
Extraordinary Treatment - ANSWER-Surgery, medication,
dialysis, oxygen, CPR or any other treatment needed to care for
an unhealthy patient, in contrast to ordinary treatment, which
are basic essentials like food or water.
Voluntary Euthanasia - ANSWER-A competent and completely
informed patient