Test Bank for Scientific American Biology for a Changing World with Physiology 4th Edition By Michele Shuster, Janet Vigna, Matthew Tontonoz (All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade)

SCIENTIFICAMERICANBIOLOGYv v




FORACHANGINGWORLDWITH
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PHYSIOLOGY 4TH EDITION
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SHUSTER TEST BANK
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chapter 1 v




Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A scientific study evaluated the effect of tanning beds on DNA damage. The scientists took skin cells and exposed
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them to UV radiation (the type used in indoor tanning beds) for different lengths of time: some for 1 minute, some for
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5 minutes, some for 15 minutes, and some for 30 minutes. They then looked for signs of DNA damage and compared
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the results to cells that had never been exposed to UV light.
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What is the control in this experiment?
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a. the number of skin cells v v v v




b. the type of light v v v




c. the length of time the cells are exposed to UV lightv v v v v v v v v v




d. the untreated cells v v




e. the amount of DNA damage in the cells v v v v v v v




2. A placebo is given to the:
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a. dependent group. v




b. control group. v




c. independent group. v




d. experimental group. v




e. variable group. v




3. An experiment was performed using 1,000 nonsmoking males ages 18 to 22. Which experimental group
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would most likely produce the most similar results?
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a. 800 nonsmoking females ages 30 to 45 v v v v v v




b. 800 smoking males ages 30 to 45 v v v v v v




c. 1,000 smoking females ages 25 to 40 v v v v v v




d. 1,000 nonsmoking males ages 30 to 55 v v v v v v




e. 800 nonsmoking males ages 20 to 25 v v v v v v




4. Two studies were carried out to determine if children in day care developed more ear infections than children who
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stayed at home. The first study compared ear infection rates in 50 Canadian girls ages 1 to 2, half of whom attended
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day care and half of whom stayed home. The second study compared ear infection rates in 1,000 Swedish boys ages 3
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to 4, half of whom attended day care and half of whom stayed home. The results of these two studies differed greatly.
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Which of the following is LEAST likely to be the cause of such differences?
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a. different genders v




b. different mothers v




c. different ages v




d. different sample sizes v v




e. different countries v




5. What is the importance of peer review in the scientific process?
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a. It helps a scientist formulate a hypothesis.
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b. It helps a scientist choose test subjects.
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c. It ensures that a study has been appropriately designed and correctly interpreted.
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d. It helps the scientist collect data.
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e. It is the first step in any scientific study.
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6. A study was conducted to determine if the growth rate of babies differs between babies who are bottle-fed and
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babies who are breast-fed. In this experiment, growth rate is referred to as the:
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a. controlled variable. v




b. experimental variable. v




c. dependent variable. v




d. independent variable. v




e. placebo variable. v




7. You have the following known facts: Smoking causes accumulation of materials in the lungs, thereby
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decreasing the oxygen-absorbing capability of the lungs. Long-term smoking causes more accumulation of
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materials in the lungs. Decreased lung capacity increases the workload of the heart. Which hypothesis can you
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formulate from these observations?
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a. People who never smoke will never develop lung problems. v v v v v v v v




b. Long-term smokers have poorer heart health than nonsmokers. v v v v v v v




c. New smokers have poorer heart health than long-term smokers.
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d. Stopping smoking eliminates lung problems within two years. v v v v v v v




e. Stopping smoking eliminates heart problems within two years. v v v v v v v




8. A significant result from a scientific study indicates:
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a. a statistical error.
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b. it occurred by chance.
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c. a positive result.
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d. a negative result.
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e. a nonrandom result.
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9. The study of the incidence of disease in a population that cannot be directly manipulated is called:
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a. an experiment. v




b. population biology. v




c. evolutionary biology. v




d. epidemiology.
e. systemic biology. v




10. In a well-designed experiment, the independent variable:
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a. does not depend on another factor or condition.
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b. changes from subject to subject randomly. v v v v v




c. can never be manipulated by the researcher.
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