TEST BANK pm
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTpm pm
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................ 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity.............................................................................................................. 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................... 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................ 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .............................................................................................. 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................ 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ......................................................... 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .......................................................... 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics....................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in te
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rms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
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ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm p
melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also,
m pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albi
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nos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefor
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e, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in freq
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uency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in te
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
rms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
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are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leade
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rship. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the communit
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
y.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to
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sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the a
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lleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as s
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trongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
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3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
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is INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—population genetics pm
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics pm pm pm pm pm
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e pm
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles pm pm pm pm
b. mechanism of DNA replication pm pm pm
c. gene expression patternspm pm
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: a pm
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d pm
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
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b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structural
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ly and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
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c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
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of Species.
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d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
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e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
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ANSWER: d pm
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximatel
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y 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
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b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
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c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
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d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
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e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
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ANSWER: d pm
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
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d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
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e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
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ANSWER: c
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9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
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of inheritance?
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a. fruit flies pm
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b pm
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
Benjamin A. Pierce
pm pm
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTpm pm
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
pm pm pm pm
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................ 15
pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity.............................................................................................................. 32
pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................... 59
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................ 98
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
pm pm pm
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .............................................................................................. 139
pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................ 152
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ......................................................... 198
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
pm pm pm pm pm pm
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .......................................................... 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics....................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
pm pm pm pm pm
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
pm pm pm pm
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in te
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
rms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm p
melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also,
m pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albi
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
nos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefor
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
e, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in freq
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
uency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in te
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
rms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leade
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
rship. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the communit
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
y.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the a
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
lleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as s
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
trongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
is INCORRECT?
pm
a. evolution—population genetics pm
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
pm pm
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
pm pm pm
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics pm pm pm pm pm
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: e pm
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles pm pm pm pm
b. mechanism of DNA replication pm pm pm
c. gene expression patternspm pm
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: a pm
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d pm
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structural
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ly and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
pm pm pm pm pm pm
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
of Species.
pm
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: d pm
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximatel
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
y 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
pm pm pm pm pm
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
ANSWER: d pm
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
pm pm pm pm
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
pm pm pm
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
pm pm pm
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
pm pm pm
ANSWER: c
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9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
of inheritance?
pm
a. fruit flies pm
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b pm
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
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