TEST BANK FOR x c x c
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
Chapter 1-27 xc
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
MULTIPLE CHOICE xc
1. The―father‖of immunologyis generallyconsidered to be
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B x c
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. xc
ANS: C x c
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powde
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rs derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. recognize self from nonself. xc xc xc
b. defend the body against nonself. xc xc xc xc
c. amplify specific functions. xc xc
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against n
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
onself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effector
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immune s
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ystem include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
, complement).
xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
xc xc xc xc xc
a. natural resistance. xc
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. xc xc xc xc
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an autoimmune disorder. xc xc
d. recovery from infectious disease. xc xc xc
ANS: C x c
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resist
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many dis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
orders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
or an autoimmune disorder.
xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the d
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
istinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among d
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ifferent cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in th
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
e immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is r
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
equired for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
and nonlymphoid elements.
xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. immediate hours after conception xc xc xc
b. second month of gestation. xc xc xc
c. second trimester of gestation. xc xc xc
d. periods of severe anemia in children. xc xc xc xc xc
ANS: A x c
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo a
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
nd fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. xc xc xc xc
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. xc xc xc xc
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. xc xc xc xc
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. xc xc xc xc
ANS: A x c
PlusBay.Plus
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac a
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
s the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the ma
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
jor site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. Th
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
e liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestat
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ion, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins t
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
o assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. to reduce inflammation. xc xc
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
xc xc xc xc xc xc
c. antigen recognition. xc
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D x c
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syste
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
m, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammator
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
y site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intrudin
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
g agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
infections.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, m xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
yeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated wit
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
h:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba xc
c. allergic reactions xc
d. bacteria
ANS: C x c
PlusBay.Plus
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially with alle
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rgic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations, collagen vascular dis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
eases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
xc xc xc xc xc
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s ability to in
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
teract with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them by oxidative mechanis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage antibody-
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells in hypereosinoph
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ilic syndromes.xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
xc xc xc xc
a. inflammatory reaction. xc
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. xc xc xc
c. chronic tissue rejection. xc xc
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: B x c
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events are trigge
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
red by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an immediate hypersensiti
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
vity reaction. xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. xc
d. pneumonia.
ANS: C x c
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large amounts of l xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid capsule, such as Mycobacte
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rium tuberculosis. xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. xc
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes. xc xc xc xc xc xc
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL- xc xc xc xc
1) as a result of proper MHC recognition.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
d. All of the above. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of antigens
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc x
as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens and physically pres
c xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ent this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to lymphocytes (particularly T
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
PlusBay.Plus
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
Chapter 1-27 xc
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
MULTIPLE CHOICE xc
1. The―father‖of immunologyis generallyconsidered to be
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B x c
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. xc
ANS: C x c
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powde
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rs derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. recognize self from nonself. xc xc xc
b. defend the body against nonself. xc xc xc xc
c. amplify specific functions. xc xc
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against n
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
onself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effector
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immune s
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ystem include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
, complement).
xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
xc xc xc xc xc
a. natural resistance. xc
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. xc xc xc xc
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an autoimmune disorder. xc xc
d. recovery from infectious disease. xc xc xc
ANS: C x c
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resist
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many dis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
orders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
or an autoimmune disorder.
xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the d
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
istinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among d
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ifferent cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in th
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
e immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is r
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
equired for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products,
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
and nonlymphoid elements.
xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. immediate hours after conception xc xc xc
b. second month of gestation. xc xc xc
c. second trimester of gestation. xc xc xc
d. periods of severe anemia in children. xc xc xc xc xc
ANS: A x c
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo a
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
nd fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. xc xc xc xc
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. xc xc xc xc
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. xc xc xc xc
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. xc xc xc xc
ANS: A x c
PlusBay.Plus
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac a
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
s the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the ma
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
jor site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. Th
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
e liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestat
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ion, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins t
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
o assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. to reduce inflammation. xc xc
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
xc xc xc xc xc xc
c. antigen recognition. xc
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D x c
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syste
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
m, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammator
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
y site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intrudin
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
g agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
infections.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, m xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
yeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated wit
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
h:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba xc
c. allergic reactions xc
d. bacteria
ANS: C x c
PlusBay.Plus
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially with alle
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rgic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations, collagen vascular dis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
eases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
xc xc xc xc xc
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s ability to in
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
teract with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them by oxidative mechanis
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage antibody-
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells in hypereosinoph
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ilic syndromes.xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
xc xc xc xc
a. inflammatory reaction. xc
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. xc xc xc
c. chronic tissue rejection. xc xc
d. Both A and B. xc xc xc
ANS: B x c
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events are trigge
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
red by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an immediate hypersensiti
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
vity reaction. xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against xc xc xc xc xc xc
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. xc
d. pneumonia.
ANS: C x c
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large amounts of l xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid capsule, such as Mycobacte
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
rium tuberculosis. xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: I xc xc
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. xc
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes. xc xc xc xc xc xc
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL- xc xc xc xc
1) as a result of proper MHC recognition.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
d. All of the above. xc xc xc
ANS: D x c
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of antigens
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc x
as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens and physically pres
c xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
ent this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to lymphocytes (particularly T
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc xc
DIF: Cognitive Level: II xc xc
PlusBay.Plus
