,Biological Science, Canadian Edition., 4e (Freeman et r r r r r r
al.) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
r r r r r r r r r
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
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A) true
B) false
r Answe
r
:
A
Reference: Section 1.1 r
rBloom's Level: r
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
r r r r r r r r r
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
r r r r r r
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation;
r r r r r r r r r r r
rhypotheses treat more specific observations. r r r r
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat
r r r r r r r r r r r
rmore specific issues. r r
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up
r r r r r r r r r
rexperiments. Answer: B r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
rhave structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults
r r r r r r r r r r r
rproduce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however,
r r r r r r r r r r r r
consists of just a single cell. Which of the following statements is true?
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist
r r r r r r r r r r r
of cells.
r r
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells
r r r r r r r r r r
rcome from preexisting cells. r r r
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
r r r r r r r r r r r
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the
r r r r r r r
rcell theory. Answer: D
r r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
r r r r r r
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
r r r r r r r r r
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
r r r r r r r r r r r
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously
r r r r r r r r
rnonliving material. Answer: C r r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
r r r r r r r r r r
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the
r r r r r r r r r r r r
experiment was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by
r r r r r r r r r r r r
using a swan-necked flask instead of the sealed flask?
r r r r r r r r r
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
r r r r r
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
r r r r r r r r r r
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
r r r r r r
D) The broth was not nutritious
r r r r
enough. Answer: C
r r r
rReference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A) skin cancer r
B) amputation
C) red hair r
D) love for music r r
Answer: C
r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms. r r r r r r r r r
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
r r r r r r r
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
r r r r r r r r
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants. r r r r r
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on
r r r r r r r r r
new mutations. Answer: B
r r r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
, 8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of
r r r r r r r r r r
Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most
r r r r r r r r r r r
antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
these S. aureus populations?
r r r r
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
r r r r r r
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
r r r r r r
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
r r r r r r r r r
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in
r r r r r r r r
these populations. Answer: C
r r r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
rApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
rare necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global r r r r r r r r r r r
warming. Could this influence natural selection?
r r r r r r
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer
r r r r r r r r r
renvironments will increase in frequency. r r r r
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ranges.
r
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot
r r r r r r
renvironments. Answer: B r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
rApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
breed chili peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
to make them milder (have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A) heritable variation r
B) environmental change r
C) natural selection r
D) artificial selection r
Answer: D
r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering r
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two r r r r r r r r r r r
conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring
r r r r r r r r r r r
about evolutionary change in a population.
r r r r r r
al.) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
r r r r r r r r r
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
A) true
B) false
r Answe
r
:
A
Reference: Section 1.1 r
rBloom's Level: r
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
r r r r r r r r r
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
r r r r r r
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation;
r r r r r r r r r r r
rhypotheses treat more specific observations. r r r r
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat
r r r r r r r r r r r
rmore specific issues. r r
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up
r r r r r r r r r
rexperiments. Answer: B r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
rhave structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults
r r r r r r r r r r r
rproduce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however,
r r r r r r r r r r r r
consists of just a single cell. Which of the following statements is true?
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist
r r r r r r r r r r r
of cells.
r r
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells
r r r r r r r r r r
rcome from preexisting cells. r r r
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
r r r r r r r r r r r
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the
r r r r r r r
rcell theory. Answer: D
r r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
r r r r r r
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
r r r r r r r r r
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
r r r r r r r r r r r
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously
r r r r r r r r
rnonliving material. Answer: C r r r
Reference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
r r r r r r r r r r
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the
r r r r r r r r r r r r
experiment was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by
r r r r r r r r r r r r
using a swan-necked flask instead of the sealed flask?
r r r r r r r r r
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
r r r r r
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
r r r r r r r r r r
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
r r r r r r
D) The broth was not nutritious
r r r r
enough. Answer: C
r r r
rReference: Section 1.1 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying r
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. r r r r r r r r
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A) skin cancer r
B) amputation
C) red hair r
D) love for music r r
Answer: C
r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms. r r r r r r r r r
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
r r r r r r r
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
r r r r r r r r
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants. r r r r r
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on
r r r r r r r r r
new mutations. Answer: B
r r r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension r
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
, 8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of
r r r r r r r r r r
Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most
r r r r r r r r r r r
antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
these S. aureus populations?
r r r r
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
r r r r r r
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
r r r r r r
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
r r r r r r r r r
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in
r r r r r r r r
these populations. Answer: C
r r r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
rApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
rare necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global r r r r r r r r r r r
warming. Could this influence natural selection?
r r r r r r
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
r r r r r r r r r r
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer
r r r r r r r r r
renvironments will increase in frequency. r r r r
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ranges.
r
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot
r r r r r r
renvironments. Answer: B r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level:
r r
rApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
population.
r
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
breed chili peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
to make them milder (have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A) heritable variation r
B) environmental change r
C) natural selection r
D) artificial selection r
Answer: D
r r
Reference: Section 1.2 r
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering r
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two r r r r r r r r r r r
conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring
r r r r r r r r r r r
about evolutionary change in a population.
r r r r r r
