,Biological Science, Canadian Edition., 4e (Freeman et
p p p p p p
al.) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
p p p p p p p p p
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) true
B) false
p Answe
r
:
A
Reference: Section 1.1 p
pBloom's Level: p
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
p p p p p p p p p
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
p p p p p p
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation;
p p p p p p p p p p p
phypotheses treat more specific observations. p p p p
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat
p p p p p p p p p p p
p more specific issues.
p p
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set
p p p p p p p p
pup experiments. Answer: B
p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
phave structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults
p p p p p p p p p p p
pproduce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however,
p p p p p p p p p p p p
pconsists of just a single cell. Which of the following statements is true?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms
p p p p p p p p p p
consist of cells.
p p p
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells
p p p p p p p p p p
p come from preexisting cells.
p p p
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
p p p p p p p p p p p
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the
p p p p p p p
pcell theory. Answer: D
p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
p p p p p p
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
p p p p p p p p p
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
p p p p p p p p p p p
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously
p p p p p p p p
pnonliving material. Answer: C p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
p p p p p p p p p p
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that
p p p p p p p p p p p
the experiment was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be
p p p p p p p p p p p
addressed by using a swan-necked flask instead of the sealed flask?
p p p p p p p p p p p
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
p p p p p
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
p p p p p p p p p p
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
p p p p p p
D) The broth was not nutritious
p p p p
enough. Answer: C
p p p
pReference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
p p p p p p p p p p p
A) skin cancer p
B) amputation
C) red hair p
D) love for music p p
Answer: C
p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionp
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
p p p p p p p p p
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
p p p p p p p
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
p p p p p p p p
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants. p p p p p
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on
p p p p p p p p p
new mutations. Answer: B
p p p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionp
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p p
change in a population.
p p p p
, 8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of
p p p p p p p p p p
pStaphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most p p p p p p p p p p
pantibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen
p p p p p p p p p p p
p to these S. aureus populations?
p p p p
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
p p p p p p
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
p p p p p p
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
p p p p p p p p p
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in
p p p p p p p p
pthese populations. Answer: C
p p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
p Applying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pthat are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p
pchange in a population. p p p
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global p p p p p p p p p p p
p warming. Could this influence natural selection?
p p p p p
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer
p p p p p p p p p
penvironments will increase in frequency. p p p p
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ranges.
p
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot
p p p p p p
penvironments. Answer: B p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
pApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pthat are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p
pchange in a population. p p p
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pbreed chili peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in
p p p p p p p p p p p p
order to make them milder (have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) heritable variation p
B) environmental change p
C) natural selection p
D) artificial selection p
pAnswer: D p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
p
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the
p p p p p p p p p p
ptwo conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring
p p p p p p p p p p p
pabout evolutionary change in a population.
p p p p p
p p p p p p
al.) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
p p p p p p p p p
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) true
B) false
p Answe
r
:
A
Reference: Section 1.1 p
pBloom's Level: p
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
p p p p p p p p p
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
p p p p p p
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation;
p p p p p p p p p p p
phypotheses treat more specific observations. p p p p
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat
p p p p p p p p p p p
p more specific issues.
p p
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set
p p p p p p p p
pup experiments. Answer: B
p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
phave structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults
p p p p p p p p p p p
pproduce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however,
p p p p p p p p p p p p
pconsists of just a single cell. Which of the following statements is true?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms
p p p p p p p p p p
consist of cells.
p p p
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells
p p p p p p p p p p
p come from preexisting cells.
p p p
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
p p p p p p p p p p p
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the
p p p p p p p
pcell theory. Answer: D
p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
p p p p p p
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
p p p p p p p p p
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
p p p p p p p p p p p
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously
p p p p p p p p
pnonliving material. Answer: C p p p
Reference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
Remembering
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
p p p p p p p p p p
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that
p p p p p p p p p p p
the experiment was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be
p p p p p p p p p p p
addressed by using a swan-necked flask instead of the sealed flask?
p p p p p p p p p p p
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
p p p p p
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
p p p p p p p p p p
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
p p p p p p
D) The broth was not nutritious
p p p p
enough. Answer: C
p p p
pReference: Section 1.1 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
p
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory. p p p p p p p p
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
p p p p p p p p p p p
A) skin cancer p
B) amputation
C) red hair p
D) love for music p p
Answer: C
p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionp
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
p p p p p p p p p
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
p p p p p p p
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
p p p p p p p p
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants. p p p p p
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on
p p p p p p p p p
new mutations. Answer: B
p p p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionp
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p p
change in a population.
p p p p
, 8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of
p p p p p p p p p p
pStaphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most p p p p p p p p p p
pantibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen
p p p p p p p p p p p
p to these S. aureus populations?
p p p p
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
p p p p p p
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
p p p p p p
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
p p p p p p p p p
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in
p p p p p p p p
pthese populations. Answer: C
p p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
p Applying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pthat are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p
pchange in a population. p p p
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global p p p p p p p p p p p
p warming. Could this influence natural selection?
p p p p p
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
p p p p p p p p p p
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer
p p p p p p p p p
penvironments will increase in frequency. p p p p
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ranges.
p
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot
p p p p p p
penvironments. Answer: B p p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level:
p p
pApplying
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pthat are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary
p p p p p p p p p p p
pchange in a population. p p p
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pbreed chili peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in
p p p p p p p p p p p p
order to make them milder (have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) heritable variation p
B) environmental change p
C) natural selection p
D) artificial selection p
pAnswer: D p
Reference: Section 1.2 p
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
p
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the
p p p p p p p p p p
ptwo conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring
p p p p p p p p p p p
pabout evolutionary change in a population.
p p p p p
