D311 Microbiology Final Exam
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Edition.
Which vaccine type has the advantages of producing long-lasting cellular and humoral immunity
and allowing transmission to contacts? - Answer live attenuated
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the microbiome and provide an opportunity for pathogens
such as Clostridium difficile to grow and cause infection. How can the microbiome be quickly
reestablished to prevent a Clostridium difficile infection? - Answer fecal transplant
When would it be best to treat a patient with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial rather than a
broad-spectrum antimicrobial? - Answer when the infectious agent has been identified as a
gram-negative bacterium
Which outcome is a direct result of the increased "leakiness" of capillaries during inflammation?
- Answer edema
Which describes a mutualistic relationship? - Answer Ruminococcus species using nutrients
from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the rumen
Which viral virulence factor requires adjustments to the influenza vaccine annually? - Answer
antigenic variation
A bacterial pathogen is found growing in the bloodstream of a patient. Which diagnosis is
correct for this finding? - Answer septicemia
Why is desiccation or dehydration an effective method of microbial control? - Answer Water
concentration decreases below what is required for microbial survival
Which virulence factor produced by Pesudomonas aeruginosa gives off a fruity odor? - Answer
pyocyanin
A dental hygienist nicked the gum of the patient during a routine cleaning. A mild infection of
the gum was followed 10 days alter with acute bacterial endocarditis. Which type of infection
, A student in a lab has just completed an endospore stain of Bacillus anthracis and realized that
heat was not applied during the staining technique. What will the student see upon microscopic
examination of the slide? - Answer pink vegetative cells with clear round areas
Why are diseases like Legionnaires' disease considered noncommunicable? - Answer Once a
person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person
Why is there a resurgence in whooping cough and measles in the United States? - Answer
more opposition to childhood vaccination
What microbial process is used by bacteria and fungi to produce many common food products,
such as soy sauce, bread, and yogurt? - Answer fermentation
After oral antibiotic therapy, a patient is diagnosed with vaginitis. What type of microbe could
be causing this opportunistic infection? - Answer fungus
Which beneficial role do viruses have in the environment? - Answer integrating into plant
genomes to increase drought tolerance
A pregnant person has received all of her childhood immunizations, including for pertussis, but
has chosen not to receive boosters while pregnant or to immunize her child once it is born.
What will happen to her child if exposed to pertussis at five years old? - Answer The child's
immune system will need to fight the infection
Which feature of infection indicates the presence of a primary pathogen rather than an
opportunistic pathogen? - Answer patients with a healthy immune system
What is the most common portal of exit for vector-transmitted diseases such as West Nile virus?
- Answer blood
Why is MRSA more pathogenic than other strains of Staphyloccocus aureus? - Answer MRSA
has increased antibiotic resistance
Which method of physical microbial control can be used to sterilize fresh food? - Answer
radiation
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Edition.
Which vaccine type has the advantages of producing long-lasting cellular and humoral immunity
and allowing transmission to contacts? - Answer live attenuated
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the microbiome and provide an opportunity for pathogens
such as Clostridium difficile to grow and cause infection. How can the microbiome be quickly
reestablished to prevent a Clostridium difficile infection? - Answer fecal transplant
When would it be best to treat a patient with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial rather than a
broad-spectrum antimicrobial? - Answer when the infectious agent has been identified as a
gram-negative bacterium
Which outcome is a direct result of the increased "leakiness" of capillaries during inflammation?
- Answer edema
Which describes a mutualistic relationship? - Answer Ruminococcus species using nutrients
from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the rumen
Which viral virulence factor requires adjustments to the influenza vaccine annually? - Answer
antigenic variation
A bacterial pathogen is found growing in the bloodstream of a patient. Which diagnosis is
correct for this finding? - Answer septicemia
Why is desiccation or dehydration an effective method of microbial control? - Answer Water
concentration decreases below what is required for microbial survival
Which virulence factor produced by Pesudomonas aeruginosa gives off a fruity odor? - Answer
pyocyanin
A dental hygienist nicked the gum of the patient during a routine cleaning. A mild infection of
the gum was followed 10 days alter with acute bacterial endocarditis. Which type of infection
, A student in a lab has just completed an endospore stain of Bacillus anthracis and realized that
heat was not applied during the staining technique. What will the student see upon microscopic
examination of the slide? - Answer pink vegetative cells with clear round areas
Why are diseases like Legionnaires' disease considered noncommunicable? - Answer Once a
person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person
Why is there a resurgence in whooping cough and measles in the United States? - Answer
more opposition to childhood vaccination
What microbial process is used by bacteria and fungi to produce many common food products,
such as soy sauce, bread, and yogurt? - Answer fermentation
After oral antibiotic therapy, a patient is diagnosed with vaginitis. What type of microbe could
be causing this opportunistic infection? - Answer fungus
Which beneficial role do viruses have in the environment? - Answer integrating into plant
genomes to increase drought tolerance
A pregnant person has received all of her childhood immunizations, including for pertussis, but
has chosen not to receive boosters while pregnant or to immunize her child once it is born.
What will happen to her child if exposed to pertussis at five years old? - Answer The child's
immune system will need to fight the infection
Which feature of infection indicates the presence of a primary pathogen rather than an
opportunistic pathogen? - Answer patients with a healthy immune system
What is the most common portal of exit for vector-transmitted diseases such as West Nile virus?
- Answer blood
Why is MRSA more pathogenic than other strains of Staphyloccocus aureus? - Answer MRSA
has increased antibiotic resistance
Which method of physical microbial control can be used to sterilize fresh food? - Answer
radiation
