Pathophysiology ACTUAL Exam 1 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|A+ MATERIAL GUARANTEED
dura mater -CORRECT ANSWER-Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered.
dural sinuses -CORRECT ANSWER-Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and
CSF for return to general circulation.
mediastinum (what is it) -CORRECT ANSWER-Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location
of trachea, esophagus, heart & large vessels
pericardial sac -CORRECT ANSWER-Fibrous sac, holds heart, double-walled, anchors heart to
diaphragm.
endocardium -CORRECT ANSWER-inner layer of heart, forms 4 heart valves
septum in heart -CORRECT ANSWER-separtes L & R sides of heart
SA node - other name -CORRECT ANSWER-pacemaker
sinus rhythm -CORRECT ANSWER-basic rate of impulses generated by SA node (70 beats per
minute)
location of sinoatrial node -CORRECT ANSWER-right atrium
Where does impulse go to after SA node -CORRECT ANSWER-Spreads through atrial
conduction pathways, resulting in contraction of both atria
,AV node - what is it -CORRECT ANSWER-Atrioventricular node. Impulse arrives here after SA
node sent it through atria
AV node - where is it -CORRECT ANSWER-Floor of R atrium near septum. Is the only
anatomical connection between atrial and ventricular portions of conduction system.
AV bundle - other name -CORRECT ANSWER-Bundle of His - other name
ECG - what does it do -CORRECT ANSWER-Records electrical changes sent by conduction
impulses as picked up by electrodes
apoptosis -CORRECT ANSWER-normal programmed cell death in tissues
endogenous -CORRECT ANSWER-originating from within the body
exogenous -CORRECT ANSWER-originating from outside the body
gangrene -CORRECT ANSWER-necrotic tissue infected by bacteria
hypoxia -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues
iatrogenic -CORRECT ANSWER-caused by a treatment, procedure or error
idiopathic -CORRECT ANSWER-no known cause
ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
lysis -CORRECT ANSWER-destruction of a cell
, lysosomal enzymes -CORRECT ANSWER-released into tissues undergoing lysis; cause
inflammation and damage to nearby cells and reduced function
morphologic -CORRECT ANSWER-structural
pathogenesis -CORRECT ANSWER-development of the disease or sequence of events
involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
insidious -CORRECT ANSWER-Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with only vague or mild
signs, but with harmful effects. Ex: "the xx effects of stress"; hepatitis
subclinical -CORRECT ANSWER-pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations
exhibited, perhaps because of great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage
may progress to an advanced stage of renal failure before symptoms are manifested.
latent -CORRECT ANSWER-silent stage, no clinical signs evident. May be called incubation
period in some infectious diseases. May be communicable during this period.
prodromal -CORRECT ANSWER-time in early development of disease; pt know of change in
body, but signs are nonspecific; a stage in infections. Labs tests are negative, difficult to
confirm diagnosis.
manifestations -CORRECT ANSWER-clinical evidence or effects, signs and symptoms, local or
systemic
lesion -CORRECT ANSWER-specific local change in tissue, may be microscopic
syndrome -CORRECT ANSWER-collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than
one organ. Usually occur together in response to a certain condition.
ANSWERS|A+ MATERIAL GUARANTEED
dura mater -CORRECT ANSWER-Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered.
dural sinuses -CORRECT ANSWER-Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and
CSF for return to general circulation.
mediastinum (what is it) -CORRECT ANSWER-Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location
of trachea, esophagus, heart & large vessels
pericardial sac -CORRECT ANSWER-Fibrous sac, holds heart, double-walled, anchors heart to
diaphragm.
endocardium -CORRECT ANSWER-inner layer of heart, forms 4 heart valves
septum in heart -CORRECT ANSWER-separtes L & R sides of heart
SA node - other name -CORRECT ANSWER-pacemaker
sinus rhythm -CORRECT ANSWER-basic rate of impulses generated by SA node (70 beats per
minute)
location of sinoatrial node -CORRECT ANSWER-right atrium
Where does impulse go to after SA node -CORRECT ANSWER-Spreads through atrial
conduction pathways, resulting in contraction of both atria
,AV node - what is it -CORRECT ANSWER-Atrioventricular node. Impulse arrives here after SA
node sent it through atria
AV node - where is it -CORRECT ANSWER-Floor of R atrium near septum. Is the only
anatomical connection between atrial and ventricular portions of conduction system.
AV bundle - other name -CORRECT ANSWER-Bundle of His - other name
ECG - what does it do -CORRECT ANSWER-Records electrical changes sent by conduction
impulses as picked up by electrodes
apoptosis -CORRECT ANSWER-normal programmed cell death in tissues
endogenous -CORRECT ANSWER-originating from within the body
exogenous -CORRECT ANSWER-originating from outside the body
gangrene -CORRECT ANSWER-necrotic tissue infected by bacteria
hypoxia -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues
iatrogenic -CORRECT ANSWER-caused by a treatment, procedure or error
idiopathic -CORRECT ANSWER-no known cause
ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER-decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
lysis -CORRECT ANSWER-destruction of a cell
, lysosomal enzymes -CORRECT ANSWER-released into tissues undergoing lysis; cause
inflammation and damage to nearby cells and reduced function
morphologic -CORRECT ANSWER-structural
pathogenesis -CORRECT ANSWER-development of the disease or sequence of events
involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
insidious -CORRECT ANSWER-Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with only vague or mild
signs, but with harmful effects. Ex: "the xx effects of stress"; hepatitis
subclinical -CORRECT ANSWER-pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations
exhibited, perhaps because of great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage
may progress to an advanced stage of renal failure before symptoms are manifested.
latent -CORRECT ANSWER-silent stage, no clinical signs evident. May be called incubation
period in some infectious diseases. May be communicable during this period.
prodromal -CORRECT ANSWER-time in early development of disease; pt know of change in
body, but signs are nonspecific; a stage in infections. Labs tests are negative, difficult to
confirm diagnosis.
manifestations -CORRECT ANSWER-clinical evidence or effects, signs and symptoms, local or
systemic
lesion -CORRECT ANSWER-specific local change in tissue, may be microscopic
syndrome -CORRECT ANSWER-collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than
one organ. Usually occur together in response to a certain condition.
