PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from t
heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cell
ular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidat
ive reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re
move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or esca
pes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted i
nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexe
s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, li
pids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme produc
tion.
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, PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cel
l injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive en
zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytopl
asmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury lead
s to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific subst
rates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancrea
s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
some for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lyso
some for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell me
mbrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
some for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The o
ther options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is
the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) th
e S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) th
e G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the c
ompletion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which incl
udes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
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, 7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rec
eptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged part
icles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosacchari
des; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration o
f certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations
of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extra
cellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy f
or which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug i
nterventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma memb
rane. It is impermeable to most water-
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier
to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through i
t readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from t
heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cell
ular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidat
ive reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re
move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or esca
pes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted i
nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexe
s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, li
pids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme produc
tion.
NURSINGTB.COM
, PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cel
l injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive en
zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytopl
asmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury lead
s to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific subst
rates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancrea
s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
some for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lyso
some for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell me
mbrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
some for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The o
ther options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is
the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) th
e S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) th
e G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the c
ompletion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which incl
udes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
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, 7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rec
eptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged part
icles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosacchari
des; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration o
f certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations
of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extra
cellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy f
or which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug i
nterventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma memb
rane. It is impermeable to most water-
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier
to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through i
t readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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