ESSENTIALS FOR MEDICATION
SAFETY: CHAPTER 1: DRUG
REGULATION, ACTIONS, AND
RESPONSES QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
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AdbsorptionA-
AcorrectAanswersAMovementAofAaAdrugAfromAtheAoutsideAofAtheAbodyAintoAtheAbloodstream
AdverseADrugAReactionA(ADR)A-AcorrectAanswersASameAasAAdverseAEffect
AdverseAEffectA-
AcorrectAanswersAAAdrugAeffectAthatAisAmoreAsevereAthanAexpectedAandAhasAtheApotentialAtoAda
mageAtissueAorAcauseAseriousAhealthAproblems.A
ItAmayAalsoAbeAcalledAaAtoxicAeffectAorAtoxicityAandAusuallyArequiresAinterventionAbyAtheAprescri
ber
AgonistA-
AcorrectAanswersAAnAextrinsicAdrugAthatAactivatesAtheAreceptorAsiteAofAaAcellAandAmimicsAtheAac
tionsAofAnaturallyAoccurringAbodyAsubstancesA(intrinsicAdrugs)
AllergicAResponseA-
AcorrectAanswersATypeAofAadverseAeffectAinAwhichAtheApresenceAofAtheAdrugAstimulatesAtheArel
easeAofAhistamineAandAotherAbodyAchemicalsAthatAcauseAinflammatoryAreactions.
TheAresponseAmayAbeAasAmildAasAaArashAorAasAsevereAandAlifeAthreateningAasAanaphylaxis
AntagonistA-
AcorrectAanswersAAnAextrinsicAdrugAthatAblocksAtheAreceptorAsiteAofAaAcell,ApreventingAtheAnatu
rallyAoccuringAbodyAsubstanceAfromAbindingAtoAtheAreceptor
BioavailabilityA-
AcorrectAanswersATheApercentageAofAaAdrugAdoseAthatAactuallyAreachesAtheAblood
BlackABoxAWarningA-AcorrectAanswersAAAnoticeAthatAaAdrugAmayAproduceAseriousAorAevenAlife-
threateningAeffectAinAsomeApeopleAinAadditionAtoAitsAbeneficialAeffects
BrandANameA-AcorrectAanswersAAAmanufacturer-ownedAnameAofAgenericAdrug;
AlsoAcalledA"tradeAname"AorA"proprietaryAname"
,ContraindicationA-AcorrectAanswersAAApersonalAorAhealth-
relatedAreasonAforAnotAadministeringAaAspecificAdrugAtoAaApatientAorAaAgroupAofApatients
CytotoxicA-AcorrectAanswersADrugAactionAthatAisAintendedAtoAkillAaAcellAorAanAorganism
DistributionA-AcorrectAanswersA(DrugADistribution)
TheAextentAthatAaAdrugAabsorbedAintoAtheAbloodstreamAspreadsAintoAtheAthreeAbodyAwaterAco
mpartments
DrugA-
AcorrectAanswersAAnyAsmallAmoleculeAthatAchangesAanyAbodyAfunctionAbyAworkingAatAtheAche
micalAandAcellAlevels
DrugATherapyA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAplannedAuseAofAaAdrugAtoApreventAorAimproveAaAhealthAproblem
DurationAofAActionA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAlengthAofAtimeAaAdrugAisApresentAinAtheAbloodAatAorAaboveAtheAlevelAneed
edAtoAprodiceAanAeffectAorAresponse
EliminationA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAremovalAofAdrugsAfromAtheAbodyAaccomplishedAbyAcertainAbodyAsystems
EnteralARouteA-
AcorrectAanswersAMovememntAofAdrugsAfromAtheAoutsideAofAtheAbodyAtoAtheAinsideAusingAtheA
gastrointestinalAtract
First-PassALossA-
AcorrectAanswersARapidAinactivationAorAeliminationAofAoralAdrugsAasAaAresultAofAliverAmetabolis
m
GenericANameA-
AcorrectAanswersANationalAandAinternationalApublicAdrugAnameAcreatedAbyAtheAUnitedAStatesAA
doptedANamesA(USAN)ACouncilAtoAindicateAtheAusualAuseAorAchemicalAcompositionAofAaAdrug
USANA-AcorrectAanswersAUnitedAStatesAAdoptedANames
Half-LifeA-AcorrectAanswersATimeAspanAneededAforAoneAhalfAofAaAdrugAdoseAtoAbeAeliminated
High-AlertADrugA-
AcorrectAanswersAAAdrugAthatAhasAanAincreasedAriskAforAcausingApatientAharmAifAitAusAusedAinAer
ror
IntendedAActionA-
AcorrectAanswersADesiredAEffectA(mainAeffect)AofAaAdrugAonAaAspecificAbodyAcellsAorAtissues;
SameAasATherapeuticAResponse
,LoadingADoseA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAfirstAdoseAofAaAdrugAthatAisAlargerAthanAallAsubsequentAdosesAofAtheAsame
Adrug;
UsedAwhenAitAtakesAmoreAdrugAtoAreachAsteadyAstateAthanAitAdoesAtoAmaintainAit
MechanismAofAActionA-
AcorrectAanswersAExactlyAhow,AatAtheAcellularAlevel,AaAdrugAtoAreachAsteadyAstateAthanAitAdoesAt
oAmaintainAit
MedicationA-
AcorrectAanswersAAnyAsmallAmoleculeAthatAchangesAanyAbodyAfunctionAbyAworkingAatAtheAche
micalAandAcellAlevelsA(sameAasAaAdrug)
MetabolismA-AcorrectAanswersA(DrugAMetabolism)
ChemicalAreactionAinAtheAbodyAthatAchangesAtheAchemicalAshapeAandAcontentAofAaAdrug,Aprep
aringAtheAdrugAforAinactivationAandAelimination
MinimumAEffectiveAConcentrationA(MEC)A-
AcorrectAanswersATheAsmallestAamountAofAdrugAnecessaryAinAtheAbloodAorAtargetAtissueAtoAresu
ltAinAaAmeasurableAintendedAaction
Over-The-CounterA(OTC)A-
AcorrectAanswersADrugsAthatAareAapprovedAforApurchaseAwithoutAaAprescription
MECA-AcorrectAanswersAMinimumAEffectiveAConcentration
OTCA-AcorrectAanswersAOver-The-Counter
ParenteralARouteA-
AcorrectAanswersAMovementAofAaAdrugAfromAtheAoutsideAofAtheAbodyAtoAtheAinsideAofAtheAbody
AbyAinjectionA(intra-
arterial,Aintravenous,Aintramuscular,Asubcutaneous,Aintradermal,Aintracavitary,Aintraosseous,Ai
ntrathecal)
PeakA-AcorrectAanswersAMaximumAbloodAdrugAlevel
PercutaneousARouteA-
AcorrectAanswersAMovementAofAaAdrugAfromAtheAoutsideAofAtheAbodyAtoAtheAinsideAthroughAth
eAskinAorAmucousAmembranes
PharmacodynamicsA-AcorrectAanswersAWaysAinAwhichAdrugsAworkAtoAchangeAbodyAfunction
PharmacokineticsA-AcorrectAanswersAHowAtheAbodyAchangesAdrugs;
DrugAMetabolism
, PharmacologyA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAscienceAandAstudyAofAdrugsAandAtheirAactionsAonAlivingAanimals
PhysiologicAEffectA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAchangeAinAbodyAfunctionAasAanAoutcomeAofAtheAmechanismAofAactionAofA
aAdrug
PotencyA-AcorrectAanswersATheAstrengthAofAtheAintendedAactionAproducedAatAaAgiveAdrugAdose
PrescriptionA-AcorrectAanswersAAnAorderAwrittenAorAdictatedAbyAaAstate-
approvedAprescriberAforAaAspecificAdrugAtherapyAforAaAspecificApatient
PrescriptionADrugsA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAlegalAstatusAofAanyAdrugAthatAisAconsideredAunsafeAforAself-
medicationAorAhasAaApotentialAforAaddictionAandAisAonlyAavailableAbyAaAprescriptionAwrittenAbyA
aAstate-approvedAhealthAcareAprofessional
ReceptorsA-AcorrectAanswersAPhysicalAplaceAonAorAinAaAcellAwhereAaAdrugAcanAbindAandAinteract
SideAEffectA-
AcorrectAanswersAAnyAminorAeffectAofAaAdrugAonAbodyAcellsAorAtissuesAthatAisAnotAtheAintendedA
actionAofAaAdrug
SteadyAStateA-
AcorrectAanswersAPointAatAwhichAdrugAeliminationAisAbalancedAwithAdrugAentry,AresultingAinAaAc
onstantAeffectiveAbloodAlevelAofAaAdrug
TargetATissueA-
AcorrectAanswersATheAactualAcellsAorAtissuesAaffectedAbyAtheAmechanismAofAactionAorAintendedA
actionsAofAaAspecificAdrug
TransdermalA-
AcorrectAanswersATypeAofApercutaneousAdrugAdeliveryAinAwhichAtheAdrugAisAappliedAtoAtheAskin,
ApassesAthroughAtheAskin,AandAentersAtheAbloodstream
TroughA-AcorrectAanswersATheAlowestAorAminimalAbloodAdrugAlevel
VaporizedA-
AcorrectAanswersAChangingAofAaAdrugAfromAaAliquidAformAtoAaAgasAorAmistAthatAcanAbeAabsorbed
AintoAtheAbodyAbyAinhalation
DrugATherapy
OverviewApgA2
AA_______AisAanyAsmallAmoleculeAthatAchangesAaAbodyAfunctionAbyAworkingAatAtheAchemicalAa
ndAcellAlevels.A-AcorrectAanswersADrug