TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology( 9th
Edition 2024)_ALL Chapters (1-49 )INCLUDED| COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS|NEW UPDATE
,TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from t heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cell ular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other
options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide
(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidat ive reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to re move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or esca pes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
2
,TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted i nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexe
s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds
in proteins, li pids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved
in enzyme produc tion.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cel l injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive en zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytopl asmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury lead s to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific subst rates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancrea s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribo some for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lyso some for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell me mbrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribo some for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
3
, TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
riboso me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The o ther options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) th e S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) th e G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the
period between the c ompletion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4)
the M phase, which incl udes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as rec eptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving
in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically
charged part icles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids
and monosacchari des; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that
promote the concentration o f certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the
cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below
the concentrations found in the extra cellular environment. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
4
Edition 2024)_ALL Chapters (1-49 )INCLUDED| COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS|NEW UPDATE
,TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from t heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cell ular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other
options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide
(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidat ive reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to re move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or esca pes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
2
,TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted i nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexe
s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds
in proteins, li pids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved
in enzyme produc tion.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cel l injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive en zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytopl asmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury lead s to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific subst rates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancrea s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribo some for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lyso some for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell me mbrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribo some for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
3
, TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology (9th Edition)
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
riboso me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The o ther options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) th e S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) th e G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the
period between the c ompletion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4)
the M phase, which incl udes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as rec eptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving
in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically
charged part icles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids
and monosacchari des; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that
promote the concentration o f certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the
cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below
the concentrations found in the extra cellular environment. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
4
