Science Medicine Pediatrics
Pediatrics HESI Questions and Correct Answers 2024 -
2025
26 studiers today 4.6 (7 reviews)
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Practice tests
Child Care Administration PANCE fast facts Pediatrics: Anaphylaxis and Edward'... CP
Teacher 21 terms Teacher 220 terms Teacher 28 terms Te
mutindampatrick Preview WEEKEND025 Preview hush567 Preview
Terms in this set (366)
A 6-month-old infant with congestive Apical heart rate of 60.
heart failure (CHF) is receiving digoxin
elixir. Which observation by the nurse A heart rate of 60 (A) is much lower than normal for a 6-month-old and warrants
warrants immediate intervention? immediate intervention. The normal heart rate for a 6-month-old is 80 to 150 BPM
Apical heart rate of 60. when awake, and a rate of 70 while sleeping is considered within normal limits. (B
Sweating across the forehead. and C) are expected symptoms of heart failure in an infant. (D) is within normal
Doesn't suck well. limits for an infant.
Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 5- Administer aerosol therapy followed by postural drainage before meals.
year-old with cystic fibrosis about
respiratory treatments. Which statement Postural drainage for a child with cystic fibrosis is most effective when performed
indicates to the nurse that the parents after nebulization and before meals (C) or at least 1 hour after eating to prevent
understand? nausea and vomiting. Postural drainage uses gravity to promote mucous removal
Perform postural drainage before starting after nebulization (A) treatments which open the airways. Pulmonary toileting or
aerosol therapy. respiratory treatments should be given 3 to 4 times daily, not episodically (B and
Give respiratory treatments when the D).
child is coughing a lot.
Administer aerosol therapy followed by
postural drainage before meals.
Ensure respiratory therapy is done daily
during any respiratory infection.
,A female teenager is taking oral Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) for acne
vulgaris. What is the most important Photosensitivity is a common side effect of tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V)
instruction for the nurse to include in this therapy. Severe sunburn can occur with minimal sun exposure and clients should
client's teaching plan? be instructed to avoid sunlight and to use sunscreen (A). (B and D) are not related
Use sunscreen when lying by the pool. to tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) therapy. (C) should be avoided because dairy
Cleanse the skin at least 4 times a day. products interfere with the absorption of tetracyclines.
Take the medication with a glass of milk.
Menstrual periods may become irregular.
What preoperative nursing intervention Observe for projectile vomiting.
should be included in the plan of care for
an infant with pyloric stenosis? Projectile vomiting (D), which contributes to metabolic alkalosis (A), is the classic
Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. sign of pyloric stenosis. (B) is not indicated. (C) is dangerous, due to the potential
Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools. for aspiration with frequent vomiting.
Place in a supine position after feeding.
Observe for projectile vomiting.
An infant is born with a ventricular septal Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to
correct the defect. The nurse recognizes Closure of VSDs stops oxygenated blood from being shunted from the left
that surgical correction is designed to ventricle to the right ventricle (C). VSDs are acyanotic defects, which means that
achieve which outcome? no unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation (A and B). (D) is common
Stop the flow of unoxygenated blood with Tetrology of Fallot, which is a cyanotic defect.
into systemic circulation.
Increase the flow of unoxygenated blood
to the lungs.
Prevent the return of oxygenated blood
to the lungs.
Reduce peripheral tissue hypoxia and
nailbed clubbing
A 3-week-old newborn is brought to the A. Monitor the the infant's weight and number of wet diapers per day.
clinic for follow-up after a home birth. The B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding by 1 to 2 ounces per week.
mother reports that her child bottle feeds D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on demand or every 2 hours.
for 5 minutes only and then falls asleep. E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size of the nipple opening.
The nurse auscultates a loud murmur
characteristic of a ventricular septal Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for infants with VSDs, but should not be
defect (VSD), and finds the newborn is mixed in a bottle of formula (C) because it is difficult to ensure that the total dose
acyanotic with a respiratory rate of 64 is consumed.
breaths per minute. What instruction
should the nurse provide the mother to They should be monitored for weight gain and at least 6 wet diapers per day (A). A
ensure the infant is receiving adequate one-month old infant should ingest 2 to 4 ounces of formula per feeding and
intake? (Select all that apply.) progress to about 30 ounces per day by 4-months of age (B)
A. Monitor the the infant's weight and
number of wet diapers per day.
B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding
by 1 to 2 ounces per week.
C. Mix the dose of prophylactic antibiotic
in a full bottle of formula.
D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on
demand or every 2 hours.
E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size
of the nipple opening.
,Preoperative nursing care for a child with Put a sign on the bed reading, "DO NOT PALPATE ABDOMEN."
Wilms' tumor should include which
intervention? Prevention of abdominal palpation (D) minimizes the risk of rupturing the
Gently percuss the abdomen for encapsulated tumor and subsequent metastasis. (A) is unnecessary, and this action
evidence of trapped air. could traumatize the tumor in the same manner as palpation. (B and C) are
Observe the abdomen for any noticeable incorrect since the abdomen is not discolored and cold compresses are not
discolorations. indicated.
Apply cold compresses to the abdomen
to reduce edema.
Put a sign on the bed reading, "DO NOT
PALPATE ABDOMEN."
At 8 a.m. the unlicensed assistive Administer PRN prescription of nifedipine (Procardia) sublingually.
personnel (UAP) informs the charge nurse
that a female adolescent client with acute Sublingual Procardia (B) lowers blood pressure very quickly, and this should be
glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure done first. (A) may also be done, but oral diuretics do not work as rapidly as the
of 210/110. The 4 a.m. blood pressure sublingual antihypertensive. When notifying the healthcare provider, the first thing
reading was 170/88. The client reports to he/she will want to know is if the PRN antihypertensive has been administered (C).
the UAP that she is upset because her (D) does not consider the seriousness of this finding. The nurse should stay with
boyfriend did not visit last night. What the client until the blood pressure is reduced.
action should the nurse take first?
Give the client her 9 a.m. prescription for
an oral diuretic early.
Administer PRN prescription of nifedipine
(Procardia) sublingually.
Notify the healthcare provider and inform
the nursing supervisor of the client's
condition.
Attempt to calm the client and retake the
blood pressure in thirty minutes.
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old Clubbed fingers.
child who has a medical diagnosis of
Tetrology of Fallot. Which symptom is this Tetrology of Fallot, a cyanotic heart defect, causes clubbing of fingers and toes
client most likely to exhibit? (D) due to tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia, not (A), is a manifestation of congenital
Bradycardia. heart disease. (B) is a classic sign of ventricular septal defect. (C) is characteristic
Machinery murmur. of coarctation of the aorta.
Weak pedal pulses.
Clubbed fingers.
Surgery is being delayed for an infant A trial of human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone.
with undescended testes. In collaboration
with the healthcare provider and the A trial of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone) (C) may aid in testicular
family, which prescription should the descent, but does not replace surgical repair for true undescended testes.
nurse anticipate? Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) may be found in the inguinal canal due to
A trial of adrenocorticotrophic hormone exaggerated cremasteric reflex. (A) is not indicated. Stimulation of the cremasteric
injections. reflex causes the testes to ascend rather than descend in the scrotum (B). (D) may
Frequent stimulation of the cremasteric relax the cremasteric muscle, but may not cause the testes to descend.
reflex.
A trial of human chorionic gonadotrophic
hormone.
Frequent warm baths to gently dilate the
scrotal area.
, Concern for body integrity.
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized
for hypospadias repair is most strongly
The preschooler's major stressor is concern for his body integrity (C). He fears that
influenced by which behavior?
his "insides will leak out." A child undergoing surgery to his genitalia is even more
Ability to communicate verbally.
concerned about body integrity. The preschooler is quite verbal, so
Response to separation from family.
comprehension of the words he uses or hears may be inaccurate, while his
Concern for body integrity.
imagination and fears may fantasize the reality (A). (B) is a concern for all children,
Socialization with other children.
but of most concern to the toddler. (D) is not a prime concern in this situation.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with Remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises.
elbow restraints in place. What nursing
care should be included when caring for Removing restraints one at a time (B) is safer than removing all of them at once (C).
any restrained child? The child needs to exercise and should not be kept in restraints at all times (A).
Keep restraints on at all times. The renewal of the healthcare provider's prescription varies with hospitals (D), and
Remove restraints one at a time and it does not really answer the question.
provide range of motion exercises.
Remove all restraints simultaneously and
provide play activities.
Renew the healthcare provider's
prescription for restraints every 72 hours.
All of the following interventions can be Assessing fontanels.
used to evaluate the effectiveness of
nursing and medical interventions used to All of these interventions evaluate fluid status in infants. But, how old is this child?
treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least Posterior fontanel closes at 2 months and anterior fontanel closes by 18 months of
useful in the nurse's evaluation of a 20- age (B)! Remember normal growth and development!
month-old child?
Weighing diapers.
Assessing fontanels.
Checking skin turgor.
Observing mucous membranes for
moisture.
As part of the physical assessment of A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel.
children, the nurse observes and palpates
the fontanels. Which child's fontanel At six months of age the anterior fontanel should be open, and it should not be
finding should be reported to the closed until approximately 18 months of age. (B and C) are normal findings. A child
healthcare provider? with hydrocephalus may have a delayed closing of the fontanel (D).
A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that
has a closed anterior fontanel.
A 24-month-old with gastroenteritis that
has a closed posterior fontanel.
A 2-month-old with chickenpox that has
an open posterior fontanel.
A 28-month-old with hydrocephalus that
has an open anterior fontanel.
The nurse receives a lab report stating a Pass the information on in the report.
child with asthma has a theophylline level
of 15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse The therapeutic level of theophylline is 10 to 20 mcg/dl, so the child's level is
take? within the therapeutic range. This information evaluates the prescribed therapy
Pass the information on in the report. and should be communicated in the nurse's report (A). (B, C, and D) would be
Notify the healthcare provider because inappropriate actions in view of the laboratory finding.
the value is high.
Repeat the lab study because the value is
too high.
Hold the next dose of theophylline.
Pediatrics HESI Questions and Correct Answers 2024 -
2025
26 studiers today 4.6 (7 reviews)
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Practice tests
Child Care Administration PANCE fast facts Pediatrics: Anaphylaxis and Edward'... CP
Teacher 21 terms Teacher 220 terms Teacher 28 terms Te
mutindampatrick Preview WEEKEND025 Preview hush567 Preview
Terms in this set (366)
A 6-month-old infant with congestive Apical heart rate of 60.
heart failure (CHF) is receiving digoxin
elixir. Which observation by the nurse A heart rate of 60 (A) is much lower than normal for a 6-month-old and warrants
warrants immediate intervention? immediate intervention. The normal heart rate for a 6-month-old is 80 to 150 BPM
Apical heart rate of 60. when awake, and a rate of 70 while sleeping is considered within normal limits. (B
Sweating across the forehead. and C) are expected symptoms of heart failure in an infant. (D) is within normal
Doesn't suck well. limits for an infant.
Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 5- Administer aerosol therapy followed by postural drainage before meals.
year-old with cystic fibrosis about
respiratory treatments. Which statement Postural drainage for a child with cystic fibrosis is most effective when performed
indicates to the nurse that the parents after nebulization and before meals (C) or at least 1 hour after eating to prevent
understand? nausea and vomiting. Postural drainage uses gravity to promote mucous removal
Perform postural drainage before starting after nebulization (A) treatments which open the airways. Pulmonary toileting or
aerosol therapy. respiratory treatments should be given 3 to 4 times daily, not episodically (B and
Give respiratory treatments when the D).
child is coughing a lot.
Administer aerosol therapy followed by
postural drainage before meals.
Ensure respiratory therapy is done daily
during any respiratory infection.
,A female teenager is taking oral Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) for acne
vulgaris. What is the most important Photosensitivity is a common side effect of tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V)
instruction for the nurse to include in this therapy. Severe sunburn can occur with minimal sun exposure and clients should
client's teaching plan? be instructed to avoid sunlight and to use sunscreen (A). (B and D) are not related
Use sunscreen when lying by the pool. to tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) therapy. (C) should be avoided because dairy
Cleanse the skin at least 4 times a day. products interfere with the absorption of tetracyclines.
Take the medication with a glass of milk.
Menstrual periods may become irregular.
What preoperative nursing intervention Observe for projectile vomiting.
should be included in the plan of care for
an infant with pyloric stenosis? Projectile vomiting (D), which contributes to metabolic alkalosis (A), is the classic
Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. sign of pyloric stenosis. (B) is not indicated. (C) is dangerous, due to the potential
Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools. for aspiration with frequent vomiting.
Place in a supine position after feeding.
Observe for projectile vomiting.
An infant is born with a ventricular septal Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to
correct the defect. The nurse recognizes Closure of VSDs stops oxygenated blood from being shunted from the left
that surgical correction is designed to ventricle to the right ventricle (C). VSDs are acyanotic defects, which means that
achieve which outcome? no unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation (A and B). (D) is common
Stop the flow of unoxygenated blood with Tetrology of Fallot, which is a cyanotic defect.
into systemic circulation.
Increase the flow of unoxygenated blood
to the lungs.
Prevent the return of oxygenated blood
to the lungs.
Reduce peripheral tissue hypoxia and
nailbed clubbing
A 3-week-old newborn is brought to the A. Monitor the the infant's weight and number of wet diapers per day.
clinic for follow-up after a home birth. The B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding by 1 to 2 ounces per week.
mother reports that her child bottle feeds D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on demand or every 2 hours.
for 5 minutes only and then falls asleep. E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size of the nipple opening.
The nurse auscultates a loud murmur
characteristic of a ventricular septal Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for infants with VSDs, but should not be
defect (VSD), and finds the newborn is mixed in a bottle of formula (C) because it is difficult to ensure that the total dose
acyanotic with a respiratory rate of 64 is consumed.
breaths per minute. What instruction
should the nurse provide the mother to They should be monitored for weight gain and at least 6 wet diapers per day (A). A
ensure the infant is receiving adequate one-month old infant should ingest 2 to 4 ounces of formula per feeding and
intake? (Select all that apply.) progress to about 30 ounces per day by 4-months of age (B)
A. Monitor the the infant's weight and
number of wet diapers per day.
B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding
by 1 to 2 ounces per week.
C. Mix the dose of prophylactic antibiotic
in a full bottle of formula.
D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on
demand or every 2 hours.
E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size
of the nipple opening.
,Preoperative nursing care for a child with Put a sign on the bed reading, "DO NOT PALPATE ABDOMEN."
Wilms' tumor should include which
intervention? Prevention of abdominal palpation (D) minimizes the risk of rupturing the
Gently percuss the abdomen for encapsulated tumor and subsequent metastasis. (A) is unnecessary, and this action
evidence of trapped air. could traumatize the tumor in the same manner as palpation. (B and C) are
Observe the abdomen for any noticeable incorrect since the abdomen is not discolored and cold compresses are not
discolorations. indicated.
Apply cold compresses to the abdomen
to reduce edema.
Put a sign on the bed reading, "DO NOT
PALPATE ABDOMEN."
At 8 a.m. the unlicensed assistive Administer PRN prescription of nifedipine (Procardia) sublingually.
personnel (UAP) informs the charge nurse
that a female adolescent client with acute Sublingual Procardia (B) lowers blood pressure very quickly, and this should be
glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure done first. (A) may also be done, but oral diuretics do not work as rapidly as the
of 210/110. The 4 a.m. blood pressure sublingual antihypertensive. When notifying the healthcare provider, the first thing
reading was 170/88. The client reports to he/she will want to know is if the PRN antihypertensive has been administered (C).
the UAP that she is upset because her (D) does not consider the seriousness of this finding. The nurse should stay with
boyfriend did not visit last night. What the client until the blood pressure is reduced.
action should the nurse take first?
Give the client her 9 a.m. prescription for
an oral diuretic early.
Administer PRN prescription of nifedipine
(Procardia) sublingually.
Notify the healthcare provider and inform
the nursing supervisor of the client's
condition.
Attempt to calm the client and retake the
blood pressure in thirty minutes.
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old Clubbed fingers.
child who has a medical diagnosis of
Tetrology of Fallot. Which symptom is this Tetrology of Fallot, a cyanotic heart defect, causes clubbing of fingers and toes
client most likely to exhibit? (D) due to tissue hypoxia. Tachycardia, not (A), is a manifestation of congenital
Bradycardia. heart disease. (B) is a classic sign of ventricular septal defect. (C) is characteristic
Machinery murmur. of coarctation of the aorta.
Weak pedal pulses.
Clubbed fingers.
Surgery is being delayed for an infant A trial of human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone.
with undescended testes. In collaboration
with the healthcare provider and the A trial of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone) (C) may aid in testicular
family, which prescription should the descent, but does not replace surgical repair for true undescended testes.
nurse anticipate? Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) may be found in the inguinal canal due to
A trial of adrenocorticotrophic hormone exaggerated cremasteric reflex. (A) is not indicated. Stimulation of the cremasteric
injections. reflex causes the testes to ascend rather than descend in the scrotum (B). (D) may
Frequent stimulation of the cremasteric relax the cremasteric muscle, but may not cause the testes to descend.
reflex.
A trial of human chorionic gonadotrophic
hormone.
Frequent warm baths to gently dilate the
scrotal area.
, Concern for body integrity.
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized
for hypospadias repair is most strongly
The preschooler's major stressor is concern for his body integrity (C). He fears that
influenced by which behavior?
his "insides will leak out." A child undergoing surgery to his genitalia is even more
Ability to communicate verbally.
concerned about body integrity. The preschooler is quite verbal, so
Response to separation from family.
comprehension of the words he uses or hears may be inaccurate, while his
Concern for body integrity.
imagination and fears may fantasize the reality (A). (B) is a concern for all children,
Socialization with other children.
but of most concern to the toddler. (D) is not a prime concern in this situation.
A six-month-old returns from surgery with Remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises.
elbow restraints in place. What nursing
care should be included when caring for Removing restraints one at a time (B) is safer than removing all of them at once (C).
any restrained child? The child needs to exercise and should not be kept in restraints at all times (A).
Keep restraints on at all times. The renewal of the healthcare provider's prescription varies with hospitals (D), and
Remove restraints one at a time and it does not really answer the question.
provide range of motion exercises.
Remove all restraints simultaneously and
provide play activities.
Renew the healthcare provider's
prescription for restraints every 72 hours.
All of the following interventions can be Assessing fontanels.
used to evaluate the effectiveness of
nursing and medical interventions used to All of these interventions evaluate fluid status in infants. But, how old is this child?
treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least Posterior fontanel closes at 2 months and anterior fontanel closes by 18 months of
useful in the nurse's evaluation of a 20- age (B)! Remember normal growth and development!
month-old child?
Weighing diapers.
Assessing fontanels.
Checking skin turgor.
Observing mucous membranes for
moisture.
As part of the physical assessment of A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel.
children, the nurse observes and palpates
the fontanels. Which child's fontanel At six months of age the anterior fontanel should be open, and it should not be
finding should be reported to the closed until approximately 18 months of age. (B and C) are normal findings. A child
healthcare provider? with hydrocephalus may have a delayed closing of the fontanel (D).
A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that
has a closed anterior fontanel.
A 24-month-old with gastroenteritis that
has a closed posterior fontanel.
A 2-month-old with chickenpox that has
an open posterior fontanel.
A 28-month-old with hydrocephalus that
has an open anterior fontanel.
The nurse receives a lab report stating a Pass the information on in the report.
child with asthma has a theophylline level
of 15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse The therapeutic level of theophylline is 10 to 20 mcg/dl, so the child's level is
take? within the therapeutic range. This information evaluates the prescribed therapy
Pass the information on in the report. and should be communicated in the nurse's report (A). (B, C, and D) would be
Notify the healthcare provider because inappropriate actions in view of the laboratory finding.
the value is high.
Repeat the lab study because the value is
too high.
Hold the next dose of theophylline.
